Technical and Economic Assessment and Gap Analysis of Advanced Nuclear Reactor Integration with a Reference Methanol Synthesis Plant

Technical Report · Thu Aug 01 04:00:00 EDT 2024

DOI:https://doi.org/10.2172/2438487· OSTI ID:2438487

Reyes Molina, Eliezer Antonio ^[1]; Sweeney, Katie P. ^[1]; Root, Sam J. ^[1]; Guaita, Nahuel ^[1]; Cheng, Wen-Chi ^[1]; Joseck, Frederick Carl ^[1]; Knighton, Todd ^[1]; Boardman, Richard D. ^[1]

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1. Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)

Efforts continue to identify the most-economic methods to decarbonize several sectors of the United States (U.S.) economy. Industrial processes such as synfuel synthesis and high value commodity chemicals rely heavily on energy-dense and easily stored and transported fossil fuels, which power and feed their operations. Steam methane reforming (SMR) is a widely used process for producing methanol. In this process, methane (CH₄) from natural gas (NG) reacts with steam (H₂O) over a catalyst at high temperatures (700-1,000°C) to produce syngas, a mixture of hydrogen (H₂) and carbon monoxide (CO). The syngas is then converted into methanol (CH₃OH) through a second catalytic reaction. This method is known for being an efficient and commonly employed pathway for industrial methanol production. The high-temperature heat needed for SMR, which is currently used in the natural-gas-to-methanol process, cannot be supplied by small modular nuclear reactor (SMNR) direct heating; the temperatures required for the SMR process exceed those of the main steam produced by near-market high-temperature gas reactors (HTGRs). For the conventional methanol process, this leaves possible nuclear-integration opportunities that include: (1) blending nuclear hydrogen into the SMR NG fuel, or (2) assessing alternative synthesis routes leveraging nuclear capabilities and steam electrolysis outputs. In the reference methanol plant, SMR provides the methanol-synthesis reactor with H₂ and co. In Case (2), the state-of-the-art reverse water gas shift (RWGS) pathway achieves the same, sourcing carbon from an industrial CO₂ source.

• Research Organization: Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE)
• DOE Contract Number: AC07-05ID14517
• OSTI ID: 2438487
• Report Number(s): INL/RPT--24-79081-Rev000
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

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