The safety of magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

Cunningham, Amy; Kirk, Martin; Hong, Emily; Yang, Jing; Howard, Tamara; Brearley, Adrian; Sáenz-Trevizo, Angelica; Krawchuck, Jacob; Watt, John; Henderson, Ian; Dokladny, Karol; DeAguero, Joshua; Escobar, G. Patricia; Wagner, Brent

doi:10.3389/ftox.2024.1376587

The safety of magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

Journal Article · Mon Aug 12 00:00:00 EDT 2024 · Frontiers in Toxicology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3389/ftox.2024.1376587· OSTI ID:2429113

Cunningham, Amy ^[1]; Kirk, Martin ^[1]; Hong, Emily ^[1]; Yang, Jing ^[1]; Howard, Tamara ^[1]; Brearley, Adrian ^[1]; Sáenz-Trevizo, Angelica ^[1]; Krawchuck, Jacob ^[2]; Watt, John ^[3]; Henderson, Ian ^[4]; Dokladny, Karol ^[1]; DeAguero, Joshua ^[1]; Escobar, G. Patricia ^[1]; Wagner, Brent ^[5]

Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States). Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States). Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT)
Omphalos Bioscience, Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States); New Mexico VA Healthcare System, Albuquerque, NM (United States). Research Service

Gadolinium-based contrast agents are increasingly used in clinical practice. While these pharmaceuticals are verified causal agents in nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, there is a growing body of literature supporting their role as causal agents in symptoms associated with gadolinium exposure after intravenous use and encephalopathy following intrathecal administration. Gadolinium-based contrast agents are multidentate organic ligands that strongly bind the metal ion to reduce the toxicity of the metal. The notion that cationic gadolinium dissociates from these chelates and causes the disease is prevalent among patients and providers. We hypothesize that non-ligand-bound (soluble) gadolinium will be exceedingly low in patients. Soluble, ionic gadolinium is not likely to be the initial step in mediating any disease. The Kidney Institute of New Mexico was the first to identify gadolinium-rich nanoparticles in skin and kidney tissues from magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents in rodents. In 2023, they found similar nanoparticles in the kidney cells of humans with normal renal function, likely from contrast agents. We suspect these nanoparticles are the mediators of chronic toxicity from magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. This article explores associations between gadolinium contrast and adverse health outcomes supported by clinical reports and rodent models.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Institutes of Health (NIH); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF); United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001

OSTI ID:: 2429113

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2480455

Report Number(s):: LA-UR--24-30539

Journal Information:: Frontiers in Toxicology, Journal Name: Frontiers in Toxicology Vol. 6; ISSN 2673-3080

Publisher:: Frontiers Media S.A.Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Hypertonic Saline Infusion for Hyponatremia: Limitations of the Adrogué-Madias and Other Formulas Wagner, Brent; Malhotra, Deepak; Schmidt, Darren Kidney360, Vol. 4, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.34067/KID.0000000000000075	journal	February 2023
Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent Use, Their Safety, and Practice Evolution Do, Catherine; DeAguero, Joshua; Brearley, Adrian Kidney360, Vol. 1, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.34067/kid.0000272019	journal	April 2020
Gadolinium Encephalopathy After Intrathecal Gadolinium Injection Gordin, Vitaly Pain Physician, Vol. 5;13, Issue 5;9 https://doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2010/13/e321	journal	September 2010
Nephrotoxicity of gadolinium-based contrast in the setting of renal artery intervention: retrospective analysis with 10-year follow-up No authors listed Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Vol. 24, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.5152/dir.2018.18172	journal	November 2018
Fatal Allergic Reaction to Gadolinium Contrast Chalise, Som N.; Palmer, Elizabeth; Pathak, Vikas Cureus https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.42455	journal	July 2023

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59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Biological Science
X-ray spectra
electron microscopy
gadodiamide
gadolinium
magnetic resonance imaging contrast
metals
mitochondriopathy
renal tubular epithelium

The safety of magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

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