Using SWMM for emergency response planning: A case study evaluating biological agent transport under various rainfall scenarios and urban surfaces

Yuan, Lifeng; Mikelonis, Anne M.; Yan, Eugene

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131747

Using SWMM for emergency response planning: A case study evaluating biological agent transport under various rainfall scenarios and urban surfaces

Journal Article · Fri Jun 02 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Journal of Hazardous Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131747· OSTI ID:2427997

^[1]; Mikelonis, Anne M. ^[1]; Yan, Eugene ^[2]

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Durham, NC (United States). Office of Research and Development
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

To assist in emergency preparedness for a biological agent terrorist attack or accidental pathogen release, potential contaminant levels and migration pathways of spores spread by urban stormwater were evaluated using a Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) of U.S. Coast Guard Base Elizabeth City, North Carolina. The high temporal-spatial resolution SWMM model was built using spore concentrations in stormwater runoff from asphalt, grass, and concrete collected from a point-scale field study. The subsequent modeled contamination scenarios included a notional plume release and point releases mimicking the field study under three rainfall conditions. The rainfall scenarios included a 6-hour natural rainfall event on Dec. 8, 2021 and two design storms (2-year and 100-year events). The observed spore concentrations from asphalt and concrete from the actual field experiment were applied to calibrate the washoff parameters in the SWMM model, using an exponential washoff function. The calibrated washoff coefficient (c₁) and exponent (c₂) were 0.01 and 1.00 for asphalt, 0.05 and 1.45 for grass, and 2.45 and 1.00 for concrete, respectively. The calibrated SWMM model simulated spore concentrations in runoff at times and magnitudes similar to the field study data. In the point release modeled scenario, the concrete surface generated 55.6% higher average spore concentrations than asphalt. Similarly, in the field experiment, a 175% (p < 0.05) higher average spore concentration in surface runoff was observed from concrete than from asphalt. Here, this study demonstrates how SWMM may be used to evaluate spore washoff from urban surfaces under different precipitation amounts, intensities, and durations, and how visualized spatial migration pathways in stormwater runoff may be used for emergency planning and remediation.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: US Department of Homeland Security (DHS); USDOE; USEPA

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 2427997

Journal Information:: Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Name: Journal of Hazardous Materials Vol. 458; ISSN 0304-3894

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Asphalt
B. anthracis
Concrete
PCSWMM
Stormwater
Washoff

Using SWMM for emergency response planning: A case study evaluating biological agent transport under various rainfall scenarios and urban surfaces

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