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Future climate doubles the risk of hydraulic failure in a wet tropical forest

Journal Article · · New Phytologist
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.19956· OSTI ID:2427022
 [1];  [2];  [1];  [3];  [1];  [4];  [1];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [5];  [1]
  1. Earth &, Environmental Sciences Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM 87545 USA
  2. Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
  3. School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences University of Texas Rio Grande Valley Edinburg TX 78539 USA
  4. CICERO Center for International Climate Research Postboks 1129 Blindern 0318 Oslo Norway
  5. Atmospheric Sciences &, Global Change Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99354 USA
Summary

Future climate presents conflicting implications for forest biomass. We evaluate how plant hydraulic traits, elevated CO 2 levels, warming, and changes in precipitation affect forest primary productivity, evapotranspiration, and the risk of hydraulic failure.

We used a dynamic vegetation model with plant hydrodynamics (FATES‐HYDRO) to simulate the stand‐level responses to future climate changes in a wet tropical forest in Barro Colorado Island, Panama. We calibrated the model by selecting plant trait assemblages that performed well against observations. These assemblages were run with temperature and precipitation changes for two greenhouse gas emission scenarios (2086–2100: SSP2‐45, SSP5‐85) and two CO 2 levels (contemporary, anticipated).

The risk of hydraulic failure is projected to increase from a contemporary rate of 5.7% to 10.1–11.3% under future climate scenarios, and, crucially, elevated CO 2 provided only slight amelioration. By contrast, elevated CO 2 mitigated GPP reductions. We attribute a greater variation in hydraulic failure risk to trait assemblages than to either CO 2 or climate.

Our results project forests with both faster growth (through productivity increases) and higher mortality rates (through increasing rates of hydraulic failure) in the neo‐tropics accompanied by certain trait plant assemblages becoming nonviable.

Research Organization:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
Grant/Contract Number:
89233218CNA000001; AC02-05CH11231; AC05-76RL01830
OSTI ID:
2427022
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 2427026
OSTI ID: 2440638
OSTI ID: 2478599
OSTI ID: 2481574
Report Number(s):
LA-UR--24-31504; PNNL-SA--202732
Journal Information:
New Phytologist, Journal Name: New Phytologist Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 244; ISSN 0028-646X
Publisher:
Wiley-BlackwellCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United Kingdom
Language:
English

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