A large net carbon loss attributed to anthropogenic and natural disturbances in the Amazon Arc of Deforestation

Csillik, Ovidiu; Keller, Michael; Longo, Marcos; Ferraz, Antonio; Rangel Pinagé, Ekena; Görgens, Eric Bastos; Ometto, Jean P.; Silgueiro, Vinicius; Brown, David; Duffy, Paul; Cushman, K. C.; Saatchi, Sassan

doi:10.1073/pnas.2310157121

A large net carbon loss attributed to anthropogenic and natural disturbances in the Amazon Arc of Deforestation

Journal Article · Mon Aug 05 00:00:00 EDT 2024 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2310157121· OSTI ID:2426669

^[1]; ^[2]; Longo, Marcos ^[3]; Ferraz, Antonio ^[1]; Rangel Pinagé, Ekena ^[4]; ^[5]; Ometto, Jean P. ^[6]; ^[7]; ^[8]; ^[8]; ^[9]; Saatchi, Sassan ^[1]

Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, United Stated Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, Río Piedras 00926, Puerto Rico
Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
College of Forestry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333
Department of Forest Engineering, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
Earth System Sciences Center, National Institute for Space Research-National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, SP 12227-010, Brazil
Instituto Centro de Vida, Alta Floresta, MT 78580-000, Brazil
Neptune and Company, Inc., Lakewood, CO 80215
Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830

The Amazon forest contains globally important carbon stocks, but in recent years, atmospheric measurements suggest that it has been releasing more carbon than it has absorbed because of deforestation and forest degradation. Accurately attributing the sources of carbon loss to forest degradation and natural disturbances remains a challenge because of the difficulty of classifying disturbances and simultaneously estimating carbon changes. We used a unique, randomized, repeated, very high-resolution airborne laser scanning survey to provide a direct, detailed, and high-resolution partitioning of aboveground carbon gains and losses in the Brazilian Arc of Deforestation. Our analysis revealed that disturbances directly attributed to human activity impacted 4.2% of the survey area while windthrows and other disturbances affected 2.7% and 14.7%, respectively. Extrapolating the lidar-based statistics to the study area (544,300 km ² ), we found that 24.1, 24.2, and 14.5 Tg C y ⁻¹ were lost through clearing, fires, and logging, respectively. The losses due to large windthrows (21.5 Tg C y ⁻¹ ) and other disturbances (50.3 Tg C y ⁻¹ ) were partially counterbalanced by forest growth (44.1 Tg C y ⁻¹ ). Our high-resolution estimates demonstrated a greater loss of carbon through forest degradation than through deforestation and a net loss of carbon of 90.5 ± 16.6 Tg C y ⁻¹ for the study region attributable to both anthropogenic and natural processes. This study highlights the role of forest degradation in the carbon balance for this critical region in the Earth system.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 2426669

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2429831

Journal Information:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Journal Name: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Journal Issue: 33 Vol. 121; ISSN 0027-8424

Publisher:: Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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A large net carbon loss attributed to anthropogenic and natural disturbances in the Amazon Arc of Deforestation

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