The State of the Molecular Gas in Post-starburst Galaxies

French, K. Decker; Smercina, Adam; Rowlands, Kate; Tripathi, Akshat; Zabludoff, Ann I.; Smith, John-David T.; Narayanan, Desika; Yang, Yujin; Shirley, Yancy; Alatalo, Katey

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aca46e

The State of the Molecular Gas in Post-starburst Galaxies

Journal Article · Tue Jan 03 00:00:00 EST 2023 · The Astrophysical Journal

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aca46e· OSTI ID:2425369

^[1]; ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[1]; ^[4]; ^[5]; ^[6]; ^[7]; Shirley, Yancy ^[4]; ^[8]

University of Illinois, Urbana, IL (United States)
University of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD (United States); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (United States)
University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)
University of Toledo, OH (United States)
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States)
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (United States); Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD (United States)

The molecular gas in galaxies traces both the fuel for star formation and the processes that can enhance or suppress star formation. Observations of the molecular gas state can thus point to when and why galaxies stop forming stars. In this study, we present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of the molecular gas in galaxies evolving through the post-starburst phase. These galaxies have low current star formation rates (SFRs), regardless of the SFR tracer used, with recent starbursts ending within the last 600 Myr. We present CO (3–2) observations for three post-starburst galaxies, and dense gas HCN/HCO+/HNC (1–0) observations for six (four new) post-starburst galaxies. The post-starbursts have low excitation traced by the CO spectral-line energy distribution up to CO (3–2), more similar to early-type than starburst galaxies. The low excitation indicates that lower density rather than high temperatures may suppress star formation during the post-starburst phase. One galaxy displays a blueshifted outflow traced by CO (3–2). MaNGA observations show that the ionized gas velocity is disturbed relative to the stellar velocity field, with a blueshifted component aligned with the molecular gas outflow, suggestive of a multiphase outflow. Low ratios of HCO⁺/CO, indicating low fractions of dense molecular gas relative to the total molecular gas, are seen throughout post-starburst phase, except for the youngest post-starburst galaxy considered here. These observations indicate that the impact of any feedback or quenching processes may be limited to low excitation and weak outflows in the cold molecular gas during the post-starburst phase.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: US Department of Energy (USDOE), Washington, DC (United States). Office of Science, Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

OSTI ID:: 2425369

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal, Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 942; ISSN 0004-637X

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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EMPIRE: The IRAM 30 m Dense Gas Survey of Nearby Galaxies Jiménez-Donaire, María J.; Bigiel, F.; Leroy, A. K. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2b95	journal	August 2019
A Hard X-Ray Test of HCN Enhancements As a Tracer of Embedded Black Hole Growth Privon, G. C.; Ricci, C.; Aalto, S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 893, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab8015	journal	April 2020
Brackett-γ as a Gold-standard Test of Star Formation Rates Derived from SED Fitting Pasha, Imad; Leja, Joel; van Dokkum, Pieter G. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 898, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aba0b1	journal	August 2020
A Comparative Study of Mid-infrared Star Formation Rate Tracers and Their Metallicity Dependence Whitcomb, C. M.; Sandstrom, K.; Murphy, E. J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 901, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abaef6	journal	September 2020
An Energy Inventory of Tidal Disruption Events Mockler, Brenna; Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 906, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abc955	journal	January 2021
Revisiting the Integrated Star Formation Law. II. Starbursts and the Combined Global Schmidt Law Kennicutt, Robert C.; De Los Reyes, Mithi A. C. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 908, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abd3a2	journal	February 2021
CO Excitation, Molecular Gas Density, and Interstellar Radiation Field in Local and High-redshift Galaxies Liu, Daizhong; Daddi, Emanuele; Schinnerer, Eva The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 909, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abd801	journal	March 2021
Are All Post-starbursts Mergers? HST Reveals Hidden Disturbances in the Majority of PSBs Sazonova, Elizaveta; Alatalo, Katherine; Rowlands, Kate The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 919, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac0f7f	journal	October 2021
Extreme Variability and Episodic Lifetime of Quasars Shen, Yue The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 921, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac1ce4	journal	November 2021
Low-J CO Line Ratios from Single-dish CO Mapping Surveys and PHANGS-ALMA Leroy, Adam K.; Rosolowsky, Erik; Usero, Antonio The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 927, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac3490	journal	March 2022
Now You See It, Now You Don’t: Star Formation Truncation Precedes the Loss of Molecular Gas by ∼100 Myr in Massive Poststarburst Galaxies at z ∼ 0.6 Bezanson, Rachel; Spilker, Justin S.; Suess, Katherine A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 925, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac3dfa	journal	February 2022
SQuIGGL⃗E : Studying Quenching in Intermediate-z Galaxies—Gas, AnguL⃗ar Momentum, and Evolution Suess, Katherine A.; Kriek, Mariska; Bezanson, Rachel The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 926, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac404a	journal	February 2022
After The Fall: Resolving the Molecular Gas in Post-starburst Galaxies Smercina, Adam; Smith, John-David T.; French, K. Decker The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 929, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac5d5f	journal	April 2022
Measuring Star Formation and Black Hole Accretion Rates in Tandem Using Mid-infrared Spectra of Local Infrared Luminous Galaxies Stone, Meredith; Pope, Alexandra; McKinney, Jed The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 934, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac778b	journal	July 2022
A Multiwavelength View of IC 860: What Is in Action inside Quenching Galaxies ^* Luo, Yuanze; Rowlands, Kate; Alatalo, Katherine The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 938, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac8b7d	journal	October 2022
Tidal Disruption Events Prefer Unusual host Galaxies French, K. Decker; Arcavi, Iair; Zabludoff, Ann The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 818, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8205/818/1/L21	journal	February 2016
The Typical Massive Quiescent Galaxy at z ∼ 3 is a Post-starburst D’Eugenio, C.; Daddi, E.; Gobat, R. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 892, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab7a96	journal	March 2020

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