The Effect of Environment on Galaxy Spiral Arms, Bars, Concentration, and Quenching

Smith, Beverly J.; Giroux, Mark L.; Struck, Curtis

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac88c5

The Effect of Environment on Galaxy Spiral Arms, Bars, Concentration, and Quenching

Journal Article · Mon Sep 19 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · The Astronomical Journal

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac88c5· OSTI ID:2425328

^[1]; ^[1]; ^[2]

East Tennessee State Univ. (ETSU), Johnson City, TN (United States)
Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)

For a sample of 4378 nearby spiral and S0 galaxies, Yu & Ho used Fourier analysis of Sloan Digital Sky Survey images to show that the strengths of the spiral arms and the pitch angles of the arms are inversely correlated with central concentration. In the current study, we search for trends in the Yu & Ho spiral arm parameters with environment and specific star formation rate (sSFR). When comparing galaxies with similar concentrations, we do not find a significant difference in the arm strengths or pitch angles of spiral galaxies in clusters compared to field galaxies. When differences in concentration are taken into account, we also find no significant difference in the parameter f3 for cluster spirals compared to field spirals, where f3 is the normalized m = 3 Fourier amplitude. When concentration is held fixed, both arm strength and pitch angle are correlated with sSFR, but f3 is not. These relations support the suggestion by Davis et al. of a "fundamental plane" of spiral structure involving pitch angle, bulge stellar mass, and gas surface density. We discuss these results in terms of theories of spiral arm production and quenching in galaxies. To aid comparison with earlier studies based on Galaxy Zoo, we explore how the Yu & Ho parameters relate to similar parameters measured by Galaxy Zoo (i.e., f3 versus the number of arms, pitch angle versus winding parameter, and concentration versus bulge class).

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: US Department of Energy (USDOE), Washington, DC (United States). Office of Science, Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

OSTI ID:: 2425328

Journal Information:: The Astronomical Journal, Journal Name: The Astronomical Journal Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 164; ISSN 0004-6256

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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A multiwavelength study of spiral structure in galaxies. I. General characteristics in the optical Savchenko, Sergey; Marchuk, Alexander; Mosenkov, Aleksandr Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 493, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa258	journal	January 2020
Accretion of galaxy groups into galaxy clusters Benavides, José A.; Sales, Laura V.; Abadi, Mario G. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 498, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2636	journal	September 2020
Stellar scattering and the formation of exponential discs in self-gravitating systems Wu, Jian; Struck, Curtis; D’Onghia, Elena Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 499, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2750	journal	September 2020
How do central and satellite galaxies quench? – Insights from spatially resolved spectroscopy in the MaNGA survey Bluck, Asa F. L.; Maiolino, Roberto; Piotrowska, Joanna M. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 499, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2806	journal	September 2020
Structural and stellar-population properties versus bulge types in Sloan Digital Sky Survey central galaxies Luo, Yifei; Faber, S. M.; Rodríguez-Puebla, Aldo Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 493, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa328	journal	February 2020
GASP XXIX – unwinding the arms of spiral galaxies via ram-pressure stripping Bellhouse, Callum; McGee, Sean L.; Smith, Rory Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 500, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3298	journal	October 2020
A homogeneous measurement of the delay between the onsets of gas stripping and star formation quenching in satellite galaxies of groups and clusters Oman, Kyle A.; Bahé, Yannick M.; Healy, Julia Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 501, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3845	journal	December 2020
Comparing galaxy formation in the L-GALAXIES semi-analytical model and the IllustrisTNG simulations Ayromlou, Mohammadreza; Nelson, Dylan; Yates, Robert M. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 502, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa4011	journal	January 2021
The origin of bulges and discs in the CALIFA survey – I. Morphological evolution Méndez-Abreu, J.; de Lorenzo-Cáceres, A.; Sánchez, S. F. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 504, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1064	journal	April 2021
Galaxy zoo builder: Morphological dependence of spiral galaxy pitch angle Lingard, Timothy; Masters, Karen L.; Krawczyk, Coleman Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 504, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1072	journal	April 2021
Galaxy Zoo DECaLS: Detailed visual morphology measurements from volunteers and deep learning for 314 000 galaxies Walmsley, Mike; Lintott, Chris; Géron, Tobias Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 509, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2093	journal	September 2021
From blue cloud to red sequence: evidence of morphological transition prior to star formation quenching Sampaio, V. M.; de Carvalho, R. R.; Ferreras, I. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 509, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3018	journal	October 2021
Quantifying radial migration in the Milky Way: inefficient over short time-scales but essential to the very outer disc beyond ∼15 kpc Lian, Jianhui; Zasowski, Gail; Hasselquist, Sten Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 511, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac479	journal	February 2022
The ATLAS3D project – XXII. Low-efficiency star formation in early-type galaxies: hydrodynamic models and observations Martig, Marie; Crocker, Alison F.; Bournaud, Frédéric Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 432, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sts594	journal	May 2013
Why does the environmental influence on group and cluster galaxies extend beyond the virial radius? Bahé, Yannick M.; McCarthy, Ian G.; Balogh, Michael L. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 430, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt109	journal	February 2013
The GALEX Arecibo SDSS Survey – VIII. Final data release. The effect of group environment on the gas content of massive galaxies Catinella, Barbara; Schiminovich, David; Cortese, Luca Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 436, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt1417	journal	September 2013
Galaxy Zoo 2: detailed morphological classifications for 304 122 galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Willett, Kyle W.; Lintott, Chris J.; Bamford, Steven P. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 435, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt1458	journal	September 2013
Pre-processing and post-processing in group–cluster mergers Vijayaraghavan, R.; Ricker, P. M. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 435, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt1485	journal	September 2013
Pitch angle variations in spiral galaxies Savchenko, S. S.; Reshetnikov, V. P. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 436, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt1627	journal	September 2013
Galaxy evolution in groups and clusters: satellite star formation histories and quenching time-scales in a hierarchical Universe Wetzel, Andrew R.; Tinker, Jeremy L.; Conroy, Charlie Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 432, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt469	journal	April 2013
From voids to Coma: the prevalence of pre-processing in the local Universe Cybulski, Ryan; Yun, Min S.; Fazio, Giovanni G. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 439, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu200	journal	March 2014
Spiral structure in nearby galaxies – II. Comparative analysis and conclusions Kendall, S.; Clarke, C.; Kennicutt, R. C. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 446, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu2431	journal	December 2014
Gaseous spiral structure and mass drift in spiral galaxies Kim, Yonghwi; Kim, Woong-Tae Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 440, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu276	journal	March 2014
The green valley is a red herring: Galaxy Zoo reveals two evolutionary pathways towards quenching of star formation in early- and late-type galaxies★ Schawinski, Kevin; Urry, C. Megan; Simmons, Brooke D. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 440, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu327	journal	March 2014
Bulge mass is king: the dominant role of the bulge in determining the fraction of passive galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Bluck, Asa F. L.; Mendel, J. Trevor; Ellison, Sara L. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 441, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu594	journal	April 2014
Galaxy Zoo: comparing the demographics of spiral arm number and a new method for correcting redshift bias Hart, Ross E.; Bamford, Steven P.; Willett, Kyle W. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 461, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw1588	journal	July 2016
The impact of galactic properties and environment on the quenching of central and satellite galaxies: a comparison between SDSS, Illustris and L-Galaxies Bluck, Asa F. L.; Mendel, J. Trevor; Ellison, Sara L. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 462, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw1665	journal	July 2016
Molecular and atomic gas along and across the main sequence of star-forming galaxies Saintonge, Amelie; Catinella, Barbara; Cortese, Luca Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 462, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw1715	journal	July 2016
Cold gas stripping in satellite galaxies: from pairs to clusters Brown, Toby; Catinella, Barbara; Cortese, Luca Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 466, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2991	journal	November 2016
Active galactic nuclei from He ii: a more complete census of AGN in SDSS galaxies yields a new population of low-luminosity AGN in highly star-forming galaxies Bär, Rudolf E.; Weigel, Anna K.; Sartori, Lia F. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 466, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw3283	journal	December 2016
Galaxy groups in the low-redshift Universe Lim, S. H.; Mo, H. J.; Lu, Yi Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 470, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1462	journal	June 2017
The unorthodox evolution of major merger remnants into star-forming spiral galaxies Sparre, Martin; Springel, Volker Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 470, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1516	journal	June 2017
How do spiral arm contrasts relate to bars, disc breaks and other fundamental galaxy properties? Bittner, Adrian; Gadotti, Dimitri A.; Elmegreen, Bruce G. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 471, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1646	journal	July 2017
On the interdependence of galaxy morphology, star formation and environment in massive galaxies in the nearby Universe Bait, Omkar; Barway, Sudhanshu; Wadadekar, Yogesh Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 471, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1688	journal	July 2017
Updating the (supermassive black hole mass)–(spiral arm pitch angle) relation: a strong correlation for galaxies with pseudobulges Davis, Benjamin L.; Graham, Alister W.; Seigar, Marc S. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 471, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1794	journal	July 2017
Galaxy Zoo and sparcfire: constraints on spiral arm formation mechanisms from spiral arm number and pitch angles Hart, Ross E.; Bamford, Steven P.; Hayes, Wayne B. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 472, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx2137	journal	August 2017
Star formation is boosted (and quenched) from the inside-out: radial star formation profiles from MaNGA Ellison, Sara L.; Sánchez, Sebastian F.; Ibarra-Medel, Hector Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 474, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx2882	journal	November 2017
The dependence of bar frequency on galaxy mass, colour, and gas content – and angular resolution – in the local universe Erwin, Peter Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 474, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx3117	journal	December 2017
Evidence of pre-processing and a dependence on dynamical state for low-mass satellite galaxies Roberts, Ian D.; Parker, Laura C. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 467, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx317	journal	February 2017
Quenching of satellite galaxies at the outskirts of galaxy clusters Zinger, Elad; Dekel, Avishai; Kravtsov, Andrey V. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 475, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx3329	journal	January 2018
Simulations of the flocculent spiral M33: what drives the spiral structure? Dobbs, C. L.; Pettitt, A. R.; Corbelli, E. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 478, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1231	journal	May 2018
Galaxy Zoo: unwinding the winding problem – observations of spiral bulge prominence and arm pitch angles suggest local spiral galaxies are winding Masters, Karen L.; Lintott, Chris J.; Hart, Ross E. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 487, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1153	journal	April 2019
The evolution of pitch angles of spiral arms Pringle, J. E.; Dobbs, C. L. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 490, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2694	journal	October 2019
Both starvation and outflows drive galaxy quenching Trussler, James; Maiolino, Roberto; Maraston, Claudia Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 491, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3286	journal	November 2019
The ALMaQUEST survey – VI. The molecular gas main sequence of ‘retired’ regions in galaxies Ellison, Sara L.; Lin, Lihwai; Thorp, Mallory D. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 502, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slaa199	journal	December 2020
Pre-Processing of Galaxies before Entering a Cluster Fujita, Yutaka Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Vol. 56, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/56.1.29	journal	February 2004
Local supermassive black holes, relics of active galactic nuclei and the X-ray background Marconi, A.; Risaliti, G.; Gilli, R. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 351, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07765.x	journal	June 2004
The environmental dependence of the relations between stellar mass, structure, star formation and nuclear activity in galaxies: Galaxy structure, star formation and nuclear activity Kauffmann, Guinevere; White, Simon D. M.; Heckman, Timothy M. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 353, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08117.x	journal	August 2004
A halo-based galaxy group finder: calibration and application to the 2dFGRS Yang, Xiaohu; Mo, H. J.; van den Bosch, Frank C. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 356, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08560.x	journal	February 2005
Dust-penetrated arm classes: insights from rising and falling rotation curves Seigar, M. S.; Block, D. L.; Puerari, I. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 359, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08970.x	journal	May 2005
Morphological evolution of discs in clusters Mastropietro, Chiara; Moore, Ben; Mayer, Lucio Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 364, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09579.x	journal	December 2005
Gas infall and stochastic star formation in galaxies in the local universe Kauffmann, G.; Heckman, T. M.; De Lucia, G. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 367, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10061.x	journal	April 2006
Enhanced mergers of galaxies in low-redshift clusters Moss, C. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 373, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11000.x	journal	November 2006
Properties of bars and bulges in the Hubble sequence Laurikainen, E.; Salo, H.; Buta, R. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 381, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12299.x	journal	September 2007
Ram pressure stripping the hot gaseous haloes of galaxies in groups and clusters McCarthy, I. G.; Frenk, C. S.; Font, A. S. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 383, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12577.x	journal	December 2007
Interaction-induced star formation in a complete sample of 10 ⁵ nearby star-forming galaxies Li, Cheng; Kauffmann, Guinevere; Heckman, Timothy M. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 385, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13000.x	journal	April 2008
The STAGES view of red spirals and dusty red galaxies: mass-dependent quenching of star formation in cluster infall Wolf, Christian; Aragón-Salamanca, Alfonso; Balogh, Michael Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 393, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14204.x	journal	March 2009
Galaxy Zoo: the dependence of morphology and colour on environment Bamford, Steven P.; Nichol, Robert C.; Baldry, Ivan K. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 393, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14252.x	journal	March 2009
Environmental effects on satellite galaxies: the link between concentration, size and colour profile Weinmann, Simone M.; Kauffmann, Guinevere; van den Bosch, Frank C. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 394, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.14412.x	journal	April 2009
Galaxy morphology in the ΛCDM cosmology Parry, O. H.; Eke, V. R.; Frenk, C. S. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 396, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.14921.x	journal	July 2009
Galaxy Zoo: disentangling the environmental dependence of morphology and colour Skibba, Ramin A.; Bamford, Steven P.; Nichol, Robert C. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 399, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15334.x	journal	October 2009
Ram-pressure stripping of halo gas in disc galaxies: implications for galactic star formation in different environments Bekki, Kenji Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 399, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15431.x	journal	November 2009
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Simulations of the grand design galaxy M51: a case study for analysing tidally induced spiral structure: Simulations of tidally induced structure in M51 Dobbs, C. L.; Theis, C.; Pringle, J. E. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 403, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16161.x	journal	February 2010
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Galaxy Zoo: passive red spirals Masters, Karen L.; Mosleh, Moein; Romer, A. Kathy Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16503.x	journal	March 2010
The Dawn of the Red: star formation histories of group galaxies over the past 5 billion years: Star formation histories of group galaxies McGee, Sean L.; Balogh, Michael L.; Wilman, David J. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 413, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.18189.x	journal	February 2011
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Galaxy Zoo: the environmental dependence of bars and bulges in disc galaxies: Environmental dependence of bars and bulges Skibba, Ramin A.; Masters, Karen L.; Nichol, Robert C. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 423, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20972.x	journal	April 2012
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Stellar Population Synthesis of Star-forming Clumps in Galaxy Pairs and Non-interacting Spiral Galaxies Zaragoza-Cardiel, Javier; Smith, Beverly J.; Rosado, Margarita The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 234, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aaa255	journal	February 2018
Long-Lived Spiral Structure for Galaxies with Intermediate-Size Bulges Saha, Kanak; Elmegreen, Bruce The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 826, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8205/826/2/L21	journal	July 2016
Spiral arm Morphology in Cluster Environment Choi, Isaac Yeoun-Gyu; Ann, Hong-Bae Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society, Vol. 44, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.5303/JKAS.2011.44.5.161	journal	October 2011
Environment Dependence of disk Morphology of Spiral Galaxies Ann, Hong Bae Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society, Vol. 47, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5303/JKAS.2014.47.1.1	journal	February 2014

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