Phase-space Properties and Chemistry of the Sagittarius Stellar Stream Down to the Extremely Metal-poor ([Fe/H] ≲ -3) Regime

Limberg, Guilherme; Queiroz, Anna A.; Perottoni, Hélio D.; Rossi, Silvia; Amarante, João S.; Santucci, Rafael M.; Chiappini, Cristina; Pérez-Villegas, Angeles; Lee, Young Sun

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acb694

Phase-space Properties and Chemistry of the Sagittarius Stellar Stream Down to the Extremely Metal-poor ([Fe/H] ≲ -3) Regime

Journal Article · Thu Mar 30 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · The Astrophysical Journal

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acb694· OSTI ID:2425247

^[1]; ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[4]; ^[5]; ^[6]; ^[7]; ^[8]; ^[9]

Univ. of Sao Paulo (Brazil); Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States)
Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP), Potsdam (Germany); Univ. of Potsdam (Germany)
Univ. of Sao Paulo (Brazil); Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Barcelona (Spain)
Univ. of Sao Paulo (Brazil)
Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Barcelona (Spain); University of Central Lancashire, Preston (United Kingdom)
Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia (Brasil)
Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP), Potsdam (Germany); Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia—LIneA, Rio de Janeiro (Brasil)
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada (Mexico)
Chungnam National Univ., Daejeon (Korea, Republic of); University of Notre Dame, IN (United States)

In this work, we study the phase-space and chemical properties of the Sagittarius (Sgr) stream, the tidal tails produced by the ongoing destruction of the Sgr dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxy, focusing on its very metal-poor (VMP; [Fe/H] < -2) content. We combine spectroscopic and astrometric information from SEGUE and Gaia EDR3, respectively, with data products from a new large-scale run of the StarHorse spectrophotometric code. Our selection criteria yield ~1600 stream members, including >200 VMP stars. We find the leading arm (b > 0°) of the Sgr stream to be more metal-poor, by ~0.2 dex, than the trailing one (b < 0°). With a subsample of turnoff and subgiant stars, we estimate this substructure's stellar population to be ~1 Gyr older than the thick disk's. With the aid of an N-body model of the Sgr system, we verify that simulated particles stripped earlier (>2 Gyr ago) have present-day phase-space properties similar to lower metallicity stream stars. Conversely, those stripped more recently (<2 Gyr) are preferentially akin to metal-rich ([Fe/H] > -1) members of the stream. Such correlation between kinematics and chemistry can be explained by the existence of a dynamically hotter, less centrally concentrated, and more metal-poor population in Sgr dSph prior to its disruption, implying that this galaxy was able to develop a metallicity gradient before its accretion. Finally, we identified several carbon-enhanced metal-poor ([C/Fe] > +0.7 and [Fe/H] ≤ -1.5) stars in the Sgr stream, which might be in tension with current observations of its remaining core where such objects are not found.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: US Department of Energy (USDOE), Washington, DC (United States). Office of Science, Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

OSTI ID:: 2425247

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal, Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 946; ISSN 0004-637X

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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The SkyMapper-Gaia RVS view of the Gaia–Enceladus–Sausage – an investigation of the metallicity and mass of the Milky Way’s last major merger Feuillet, Diane K.; Feltzing, Sofia; Sahlholdt, Christian L. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 497, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1888	journal	July 2020
The last breath of the Sagittarius dSph Vasiliev, Eugene; Belokurov, Vasily Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 497, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2114	journal	August 2020
Reverse engineering the Milky Way Forbes, Duncan A. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 493, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa245	journal	January 2020
Kraken reveals itself – the merger history of the Milky Way reconstructed with the E-MOSAICS simulations Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik; Pfeffer, Joel L.; Chevance, Mélanie Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 498, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2452	journal	August 2020
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Tango for three: Sagittarius, LMC, and the Milky Way Vasiliev, Eugene; Belokurov, Vasily; Erkal, Denis Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 501, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3673	journal	November 2020
The Milky Way’s stellar streams and globular clusters do not align in a Vast Polar Structure Riley, Alexander H.; Strigari, Louis E. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 494, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa710	journal	March 2020
The Pristine Inner Galaxy Survey (PIGS) III: carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars in the bulge Arentsen, Anke; Starkenburg, Else; Aguado, David S. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 505, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1343	journal	May 2021
Gaia EDR3 view on galactic globular clusters Vasiliev, Eugene; Baumgardt, Holger Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 505, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1475	journal	May 2021
Detection of the LMC-induced sloshing of the Galactic halo Erkal, Denis; Deason, Alis J.; Belokurov, Vasily Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 506, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1828	journal	July 2021
A feather on the hat: tracing the giant stellar stream around the Sombrero galaxy Martínez-Delgado, David; Román, Javier; Erkal, Denis Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 506, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1874	journal	July 2021
The GALAH Survey: chemical tagging and chrono-chemodynamics of accreted halo stars with GALAH+ DR3 and Gaia eDR3 Buder, Sven; Lind, Karin; Ness, Melissa K. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 510, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3504	journal	December 2021
A classifier for spurious astrometric solutions in Gaia eDR3 Rybizki, Jan; Green, Gregory M.; Rix, Hans-Walter Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 510, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3588	journal	December 2021
Galactic seismology: the evolving ‘phase spiral’ after the Sagittarius dwarf impact Bland-Hawthorn, Joss; Tepper-García, Thor Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 504, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab704	journal	March 2021
The chemo-dynamical groups of Galactic globular clusters Callingham, Thomas M.; Cautun, Marius; Deason, Alis J. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 513, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac1145	journal	April 2022
On the inconsistency of [C/Fe] abundances and the fractions of carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars among various stellar surveys Arentsen, Anke; Placco, Vinicius M.; Lee, Young Sun Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 515, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac2062	journal	July 2022
The disturbed outer Milky Way disc McMillan, Paul J.; Petersson, Jonathan; Tepper-Garcia, Thor Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 516, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac2571	journal	September 2022
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The chemical characterization of halo substructure in the Milky Way based on APOGEE Horta, Danny; Schiavon, Ricardo P.; Mackereth, J. Ted Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 520, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3179	journal	November 2022
S 5: Probing the Milky Way and Magellanic Clouds potentials with the 6D map of the Orphan–Chenab stream Koposov, Sergey E.; Erkal, Denis; Li, Ting S. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 521, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad551	journal	February 2023
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Discovery of new retrograde substructures: the shards of ω Centauri? Myeong, G. C.; Evans, N. W.; Belokurov, V. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 478, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1403	journal	June 2018
Confirming chemical clocks: asteroseismic age dissection of the Milky Way disk(s) Aguirre, V. Silva; Bojsen-Hansen, M.; Slumstrup, D. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty150	journal	January 2018
The influence of Sagittarius and the Large Magellanic Cloud on the stellar disc of the Milky Way Galaxy Laporte, Chervin F. P.; Johnston, Kathryn V.; Gómez, Facundo A. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 481, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1574	journal	June 2018
The origin of the Gaia phase-plane spiral Binney, James; Schönrich, Ralph Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 481, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2378	journal	August 2018
Unbiased TGAS×LAMOST distances and the role of binarity Coronado, Johanna; Rix, Hans-Walter; Trick, Wilma H. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 481, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2468	journal	September 2018
Ghostly tributaries to the Milky Way: charting the halo’s stellar streams with the Gaia DR2 catalogue Malhan, Khyati; Ibata, Rodrigo A.; Martin, Nicolas F. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 481, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2474	journal	September 2018
Isochrone ages for ∼3 million stars with the second Gaia data release Sanders, Jason L.; Das, Payel Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 481, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2490	journal	September 2018
AGAMA: action-based galaxy modelling architecture Vasiliev, Eugene Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 482, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2672	journal	October 2018
Vertical waves in the solar neighbourhood in Gaia DR2 Bennett, Morgan; Bovy, Jo Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 482, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2813	journal	October 2018
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The First Tidally Disrupted Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy?: A Spectroscopic Analysis of the Tucana III Stream Li, T. S.; Simon, J. D.; Kuehn, K. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 866, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aadf91	journal	October 2018
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Revealing the Complicated Story of the Cetus Stream with StarGO Yuan, Zhen; Smith, M. C.; Xue, Xiang-Xiang The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2e09	journal	August 2019
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Proper Motions of Stellar Streams Discovered in the Dark Energy Survey Shipp, N.; Li, T. S.; Pace, A. B. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 885, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab44bf	journal	October 2019
Chemical Cartography. II. The Assembly History of the Galactic Stellar Halo Traced by Carbon-enhanced Metal-poor Stars Lee, Young Sun; Beers, Timothy C.; Kim, Young Kwang The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 885, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab4791	journal	November 2019
Tracing Kinematic and Chemical Properties of Sagittarius Stream by K-Giants, M-Giants, and BHB stars Yang, Chengqun; Xue, Xiang-Xiang; Li, Jing The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 886, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab48e2	journal	December 2019
Metallicity and α -Element Abundance Gradients along the Sagittarius Stream as Seen by APOGEE Hayes, Christian R.; Majewski, Steven R.; Hasselquist, Sten The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 889, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab62ad	journal	January 2020
Self-consistent Analysis of Stellar Clusters: An Application to HST Data of the Halo Globular Cluster NGC 6752 Souza, S. O.; Kerber, L. O.; Barbuy, B. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 890, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab6a0f	journal	February 2020
Dynamical Relics of the Ancient Galactic Halo Yuan, Zhen; Myeong, G. C.; Beers, Timothy C. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 891, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab6ef7	journal	March 2020
Identification of a Group III CEMP-no Star in the Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy Canes Venatici I Yoon, Jinmi; Whitten, Devin D.; Beers, Timothy C. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 894, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab7daf	journal	April 2020
Quantifying the Stellar Halo's Response to the LMC's Infall with Spherical Harmonics Cunningham, Emily C.; Garavito-Camargo, Nicolas; Deason, Alis J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 898, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab9b88	journal	July 2020
MINESweeper: Spectrophotometric Modeling of Stars in the Gaia Era Cargile, Phillip A.; Conroy, Charlie; Johnson, Benjamin D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 900, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aba43b	journal	August 2020
A Diffuse Metal-poor Component of the Sagittarius Stream Revealed by the H3 Survey Johnson, Benjamin D.; Conroy, Charlie; Naidu, Rohan P. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 900, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abab08	journal	September 2020
Evidence from the H3 Survey That the Stellar Halo Is Entirely Comprised of Substructure Naidu, Rohan P.; Conroy, Charlie; Bonaca, Ana The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 901, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abaef4	journal	September 2020
Discovery of 18 Stars with −3.10 < [Fe/H] < −1.45 in the Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy* Chiti, Anirudh; Hansen, Kylie Y.; Frebel, Anna The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 901, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abb1ae	journal	October 2020
Dynamically Tagged Groups of Very Metal-poor Halo Stars from the HK and Hamburg/ESO Surveys Limberg, Guilherme; Rossi, Silvia; Beers, Timothy C. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 907, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abcb87	journal	January 2021
Broken into Pieces: ATLAS and Aliqa Uma as One Single Stream Li, Ting S.; Koposov, Sergey E.; Erkal, Denis The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 911, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abeb18	journal	April 2021
The Photometric Metallicity and Carbon Distributions of the Milky Way’s Halo and Solar Neighborhood from S-PLUS Observations of SDSS Stripe 82 Whitten, Devin D.; Placco, Vinicius M.; Beers, Timothy C. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 912, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abee7e	journal	May 2021
Targeting Bright Metal-poor Stars in the Disk and Halo Systems of the Galaxy Limberg, Guilherme; Santucci, Rafael M.; Rossi, Silvia The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 913, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abeefe	journal	May 2021
Quantifying the Impact of the Large Magellanic Cloud on the Structure of the Milky Way’s Dark Matter Halo Using Basis Function Expansions Garavito-Camargo, Nicolás; Besla, Gurtina; Laporte, Chervin F. P. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 919, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac0b44	journal	September 2021
Evidence of a Dwarf Galaxy Stream Populating the Inner Milky Way Halo Malhan, Khyati; Yuan, Zhen; Ibata, Rodrigo A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 920, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac1675	journal	October 2021
APOGEE Chemical Abundance Patterns of the Massive Milky Way Satellites Hasselquist, Sten; Hayes, Christian R.; Lian, Jianhui The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 923, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac25f9	journal	December 2021
The Flattening Metallicity Gradient in the Milky Way’s Thin Disk Vickers, John J.; Shen, Juntai; Li, Zhao-Yu The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 922, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac27a9	journal	November 2021
Measuring the Mass of the Large Magellanic Cloud with Stellar Streams Observed by S ⁵ Shipp, Nora; Erkal, Denis; Drlica-Wagner, Alex The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 923, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac2e93	journal	December 2021
Determination of Sodium Abundance Ratio from Low-resolution Stellar Spectra and Its Applications Koo, Jae-Rim; Sun Lee, Young; Park, Hye-Jin The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 925, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac3423	journal	January 2022
Dynamically Tagged Groups of Metal-poor Stars from the Best and Brightest Survey Shank, Derek; Beers, Timothy C.; Placco, Vinicius M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 926, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac409a	journal	February 2022
The Global Dynamical Atlas of the Milky Way Mergers: Constraints from Gaia EDR3–based Orbits of Globular Clusters, Stellar Streams, and Satellite Galaxies Malhan, Khyati; Ibata, Rodrigo A.; Sharma, Sanjib The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 926, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac4d2a	journal	February 2022
Reconstructing the Disrupted Dwarf Galaxy Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus Using Its Stars and Globular Clusters Limberg, Guilherme; Souza, Stefano O.; Pérez-Villegas, Angeles The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 935, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac8159	journal	August 2022
Gastro Library. I. The Simulated Chemodynamical Properties of Several Gaia–Sausage–Enceladus-like Stellar Halos Amarante, João A. S.; Debattista, Victor P.; Beraldo E. Silva, Leandro The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 937, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac8b0d	journal	September 2022
The Seventeenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: Complete Release of MaNGA, MaStar, and APOGEE-2 Data No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 259, Issue 2, p. 35 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ac4414	journal	March 2022
SEGUE-2: Old Milky Way Stars Near and Far Rockosi, Constance M.; Sun Lee, Young; Morrison, Heather L. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 259, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ac5323	journal	April 2022
Chemical Abundances of Hydrostatic and Explosive Alpha-elements in Sagittarius Stream Stars Carlin, Jeffrey L.; Sheffield, Allyson A.; Cunha, Katia The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 859, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aac3d8	journal	May 2018
Off the Beaten Path: Gaia Reveals GD-1 Stars outside of the Main Stream Price-Whelan, Adrian M.; Bonaca, Ana The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 863, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aad7b5	journal	August 2018
A Panoramic Landscape of the Sagittarius Stream in Gaia DR2 Revealed with the `STREAMFINDER` Spyglass Ibata, Rodrigo; Bellazzini, Michele; Thomas, Guillaume The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 891, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab77c7	journal	March 2020
Timing the Early Assembly of the Milky Way with the H3 Survey Bonaca, Ana; Conroy, Charlie; Cargile, Phillip A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 897, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab9caa	journal	July 2020
A Low-mass Stellar-debris Stream Associated with a Globular Cluster Pair in the Halo Yuan, Zhen; Chang, Jiang; Beers, Timothy C. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 898, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aba49f	journal	July 2020
Abundance Patterns of α and Neutron-capture Elements in the Helmi Stream Limberg, Guilherme; Santucci, Rafael M.; Rossi, Silvia The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 913, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac0056	journal	June 2021
Zero-metallicity Hypernova Uncovered by an Ultra-metal-poor Star in the Sculptor Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy* Skúladóttir, Ása; Salvadori, Stefania; Amarsi, Anish M. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 915, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac0dc2	journal	July 2021
Revisiting a Disky Origin for the Faint Branch of the Sagittarius Stellar Stream Oria, Pierre-Antoine; Ibata, Rodrigo; Ramos, Pau The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 932, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac738c	journal	June 2022
The Unmixed Debris of Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus in the Form of a Pair of Halo Stellar Overdensities Perottoni, Hélio D.; Limberg, Guilherme; Amarante, João A. S. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 936, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac88d6	journal	August 2022
pandas-dev/pandas: Pandas No authors listed https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3509134	software	January 2024

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