Fossil group origins

Zarattini, Stefano; Aguerri, J. L.; Calvi, R.; Girardi, M.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244263

Fossil group origins

Journal Article · Tue Nov 29 23:00:00 EST 2022 · Astronomy and Astrophysics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202244263· OSTI ID:2425176

Zarattini, Stefano ^[1]; Aguerri, J. L. ^[2]; Calvi, R. ^[2]; Girardi, M. ^[3]

Università di Padova (Italy); INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (Italy)
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Tenerife (Spain); Universidad de La Laguna (Spain)
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (Italy); Università degli Studi di Trieste (Italy)

Aims: We analyse the large-scale structure out to 100 Mpc around a sample of 16 confirmed fossil systems using spectroscopic information from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 16. Methods: We computed the distance between our fossil groups (FGs) and the centres of filaments and nodes from the literature. We also studied the density of bright galaxies, since this parameter is thought to be a good mass tracers, as well as the projected over-densities of galaxies. Finally, we applied a friends-of-friends (FoF) algorithm to detect virialised structures around our FGs and obtain an estimate of the mass available in their surroundings. Results: We find that FGs are mainly located close to filaments, with a mean distance of 3.7 ± 1.1 R₂₀₀ and a minimum distance of 0.05 R₂₀₀. On the other hand, none of our FGs were found close to intersections, with a mean and minimum distance of 19.3 ± 3.6 and 6.1 R₂₀₀, respectively. There is a correlation that indicates FGs at higher redshifts are found in denser regions, when we use bright galaxies as tracers of the mass. At the same time, FGs with the largest magnitude gaps (Δm₁₂ > 2.5) are found in less dense environments and tend to host (on average) smaller central galaxies. Conclusions: Our results suggest that FGs formed in a peculiar position within the cosmic web, close to filaments and far from nodes, whereby their interaction with the cosmic web itself may be limited. We deduce that FGs with brightest central galaxies (BCGs) that are relatively faint, high values of Δm₁₂, and low redshifts could, in fact, be systems that are at the very last stage of their evolution. Moreover, we confirm theoretical predictions that systems with the largest magnitude gap are not massive.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: US Department of Energy (USDOE), Washington, DC (United States). Office of Science, Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); Padova University; Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; Agencia Estatal de Investigación del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (AEI-MCINN)

OSTI ID:: 2425176

Journal Information:: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Journal Name: Astronomy and Astrophysics Vol. 668; ISSN 0004-6361

Publisher:: EDP SciencesCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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