The coexistence of the streaming instability and the vertical shear instability in protoplanetary disks

Schäfer, Urs; Johansen, Anders

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243655

The coexistence of the streaming instability and the vertical shear instability in protoplanetary disks

Journal Article · Fri Oct 14 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Astronomy and Astrophysics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202243655· OSTI ID:2425043

^[1]; Johansen, Anders ^[2]

University of Copenhagen (Denmark)
University of Copenhagen (Denmark); Lund University (Sweden)

The streaming instability is a promising mechanism to induce the formation of planetesimals. Nonetheless, this process has been found in previous studies to require either a dust-to-gas surface density ratio or a dust size that is enhanced compared to observed values. Employing two-dimensional global simulations of protoplanetary disks, we show that the vertical shear instability and the streaming instability in concert can cause dust concentration that is sufficient for planetesimal formation for lower surface density ratios and smaller dust sizes than the streaming instability in isolation, and in particular under conditions that are consistent with observational constraints. This is because dust overdensities forming in pressure bumps induced by the vertical shear instability act as seeds for the streaming instability and are enhanced by it. While our two-dimensional model does not include self-gravity, we find that strong dust clumping and the formation (and dissolution) of gravitationally unstable overdensities can be robustly inferred from the evolution of the maximum or the mean dust-to-gas volume density ratio. The vertical shear instability puffs up the dust layer to an average mid-plane dust-to-gas density ratio that is significantly below unity. We therefore find that reaching a mid-plane density ratio of one is not necessary to trigger planetesimal formation via the streaming instability when it acts in unison with the vertical shear instability.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: University of Chicago, IL (United States). DOE NNSA-ASC OASCR Flash Center

Sponsoring Organization:: Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF); European Research Foundation; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

OSTI ID:: 2425043

Journal Information:: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Journal Name: Astronomy and Astrophysics Vol. 666; ISSN 0004-6361

Publisher:: EDP SciencesCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Streaming Instability for Particle-size Distributions Krapp, Leonardo; Benítez-Llambay, Pablo; Gressel, Oliver The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 878, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab2596	journal	June 2019
The DSHARP Rings: Evidence of Ongoing Planetesimal Formation? Stammler, Sebastian M.; Dra̧żkowska, Joanna; Birnstiel, Til The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 884, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab4423	journal	October 2019
The Streaming Instability Cannot Form Planetesimals from Millimeter-size Grains in Pressure Bumps Carrera, Daniel; Simon, Jacob B. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 933, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac6b3e	journal	June 2022
Turbulent Dust-trapping Rings as Efficient Sites for Planetesimal Formation Xu, Ziyan; Bai, Xue-Ning The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 937, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac8dff	journal	September 2022

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79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
astronomy & astrophysics
hydrodynamics
instabilities
methods: numerical
planets and satellites: formation
protoplanetary disks
turbulence

The coexistence of the streaming instability and the vertical shear instability in protoplanetary disks

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