Fast flavor instability in hypermassive neutron star disk outflows

Fernández, Rodrigo; Richers, Sherwood; Mulyk, Nicole; Fahlman, Steven

doi:10.1103/physrevd.106.103003

Fast flavor instability in hypermassive neutron star disk outflows

Journal Article · Thu Nov 03 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Physical Review. D.

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.106.103003· OSTI ID:2425035

^[1]; ^[2]; ^[1]; ^[1]

University of Alberta, Edmonton (Canada)
University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)

Here, we examine the effect of neutrino flavor transformation by the fast flavor instability (FFI) on long-term mass ejection from accretion disks formed after neutron star mergers. Neutrino emission and absorption in the disk set the composition of the disk ejecta, which subsequently undergoes r-process nucleosynthesis upon expansion and cooling. Here we perform 28 time-dependent, axisymmetric, viscous-hydrodynamic simulations of accretion disks around hypermassive neutron stars (HMNSs) of variable lifetime, using a 3-species neutrino leakage scheme for emission and an annular-lightbulb scheme for absorption. We include neutrino flavor transformation due the FFI in a parametric way, by modifying the absorbed neutrino fluxes and temperatures, allowing for flavor mixing at various levels of flavor equilibration, and also in a way that aims to respect the lepton-number preserving symmetry of the neutrino self-interaction Hamiltonian. We find that for a promptly-formed black hole (BH), the FFI lowers the average electron fraction of the disk outflow due to a decrease in neutrino absorption, driven primarily by a drop in electron neutrino/antineutrino flux upon flavor mixing. For a long-lived HMNS, the disk emits more heavy lepton neutrinos and reabsorbs more electron neutrinos than for a BH, with a smaller drop in flux compensated by a higher neutrino temperature upon flavor mixing. The resulting outflow has a broader electron fraction distribution, a more proton-rich peak, and undergoes stronger radiative driving. Disks with intermediate HMNS lifetimes show results that fall in between these two limits. In most cases, the impact of the FFI on the outflow is moderate, with changes in mass ejection, average velocity, and average electron fraction of order ~10%, and changes in the lanthanide/actinide mass fraction of up to a factor ~2.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: University of Chicago, IL (United States). DOE NNSA-ASC OASCR Flash Center

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); USDOE; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

OSTI ID:: 2425035

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1902539

Journal Information:: Physical Review. D., Journal Name: Physical Review. D. Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 106; ISSN 2470-0010

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Axisymmetric Radiative Transfer Models of Kilonovae Korobkin, Oleg; Wollaeger, Ryan T.; Fryer, Christopher L. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 910, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abe1b5	journal	April 2021
Kilonovae Across the Nuclear Physics Landscape: The Impact of Nuclear Physics Uncertainties on r-process-powered Emission Barnes, Jennifer; Zhu, Y. L.; Lund, K. A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 918, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac0aec	journal	September 2021
The Challenges Ahead for Multimessenger Analyses of Gravitational Waves and Kilonova: A Case Study on GW190425 Raaijmakers, Geert; Nissanke, Samaya; Foucart, Francois The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 922, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac222d	journal	December 2021
SkyNet: A Modular Nuclear Reaction Network Library Lippuner, Jonas; Roberts, Luke F. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 233, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aa94cb	journal	December 2017
Neutron-Star Merger Ejecta as Obstacles to Neutrino-Powered jets of Gamma-Ray Bursts Just, O.; Obergaulinger, M.; Janka, H. -T. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 816, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8205/816/2/L30	journal	January 2016
The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. II. UV, Optical, and Near-infrared Light Curves and Comparison to Kilonova Models Cowperthwaite, P. S.; Berger, E.; Villar, V. A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 848, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa8fc7	journal	October 2017
The Emergence of a Lanthanide-rich Kilonova Following the Merger of Two Neutron Stars Tanvir, N. R.; Levan, A. J.; González-Fernández, C. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 848, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa90b6	journal	October 2017
Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 848, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa91c9	journal	October 2017
Hypermassive Neutron Star Disk Outflows and Blue Kilonovae Fahlman, Steven; Fernández, Rodrigo The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 869, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aaf1ab	journal	December 2018
A Magnetar Engine for Short GRBs and Kilonovae Mösta, Philipp; Radice, David; Haas, Roland The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 901, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abb6ef	journal	October 2020
The Relative Contribution to Heavy Metals Production from Binary Neutron Star Mergers and Neutron Star–Black Hole Mergers Chen, Hsin-Yu; Vitale, Salvatore; Foucart, Francois The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 920, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac26c6	journal	October 2021

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