Origin of the lithium metal anode instability in solid-state batteries during discharge

Singh, Dheeraj Kumar; Fuchs, Till; Krempaszky, Christian; Schweitzer, Pascal; Lerch, Christian; Richter, Felix H.; Janek, Jürgen

doi:10.1016/j.matt.2023.02.008

Origin of the lithium metal anode instability in solid-state batteries during discharge

Journal Article · Mon Mar 13 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Matter (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2023.02.008· OSTI ID:2424974

Singh, Dheeraj Kumar ^[1]; Fuchs, Till ^[1]; Krempaszky, Christian ^[2]; Schweitzer, Pascal ^[1]; Lerch, Christian ^[1]; Richter, Felix H. ^[1]; Janek, Jürgen ^[1]

Justus-Liebig Univ., Giessen (Germany)
Technical Univ. of Munich (Germany)

Enabling the lithium metal anode (LMA) in solid-state batteries (SSBs) would increase energy density and specific energy compared with lithium-ion batteries. However, pore formation in LMAs with irregular morphology, even at low current density, during discharge results in an unstable, high-impedance interface. Understanding and addressing this inherent anode instability is essential for increasing the power densities in SSBs. Herein, we suggest that the morphology of the stripped electrode is related to dislocations in the LMA. To investigate the influence of dislocations, symmetric cells, Li|Li_6.25Al_0.25La₃Zr₂O₁₂(LLZO)|X-Li, are studied, where X-Li represents the microstructurally controlled LMA obtained via suitable thermomechanical processing. Operando impedance measurements are corroborated with SEM, confocal microscopy, and AFM data. Based on the experimental observations, a mechanism for pore formation is proposed. Here we show that the stack pressure required to maintain a stable interface is governed by the lithium microstructure and its thermomechanical processing history.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: US DOE-German BMBF Cooperation, Washington DC (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

OSTI ID:: 2424974

Journal Information:: Matter (Online), Journal Name: Matter (Online) Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 6; ISSN 2590-2385

Publisher:: Cell Press/ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Origin of the lithium metal anode instability in solid-state batteries during discharge

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