Whole-genome sequencing distinguishes the two most common giant kelp ecomorphs

Gonzalez, Sara T.; Alberto, Filipe; Molano, Gary

doi:10.1093/evolut/qpad045

Whole-genome sequencing distinguishes the two most common giant kelp ecomorphs

Journal Article · Fri Mar 17 04:00:00 EDT 2023 · Evolution

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpad045· OSTI ID:2424680

Gonzalez, Sara T.; Alberto, Filipe; Molano, Gary

Abstract

Giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, exists as distinct morphological variants—or “ecomorphs”—in different populations, yet the mechanism for this variation is uncertain, and environmental drivers for either adaptive or plastic phenotypes have not been identified. The ecomorphs Macrocystis “pyrifera” and M. “integrifolia” are distributed throughout temperate waters of North and South America with almost no geographic overlap and exhibit an incongruous, non-mirrored, distribution across the equator. This study evaluates the degree of genetic divergence between M. “pyrifera” and M. “integrifolia” across 18 populations in Chile and California using whole-genome sequencing and single-nucleotide polymorphism markers. Our results based on a principal component analysis, admixture clustering by genetic similarity, and phylogenetic inference demonstrate that M. “pyrifera” and M. “integrifolia” are genetically distinguishable. Analyses reveal separation by Northern and Southern Hemispheres and between morphs within hemispheres, suggesting that the convergent “integrifolia” morphology arose separately in each hemisphere. This is the first study to use whole-genome sequencing to understand genetic divergence in giant kelp ecomorphs, identifying 83 potential genes under selection and providing novel insights about Macrocystis evolution that were not evident with previous genetic techniques. Future studies are needed to uncover the environmental forces driving local adaptation and presumed convergent evolution of these morphs.

Research Organization:: US Department of Energy (USDOE), Washington, DC (United States). Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

OSTI ID:: 2424680

Journal Information:: Evolution, Journal Name: Evolution Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 77; ISSN 0014-3820

Publisher:: Wiley

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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