Population of Merging Compact Binaries Inferred Using Gravitational Waves through GWTC-3

Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D.; Acernese, F.; Ackley, K.; Adams, C.; Adhikari, N.; Adhikari, R. X.; Adya, V. B.; Affeldt, C.; Agarwal, D.; Agathos, M.; Agatsuma, K.; Aggarwal, N.; Aguiar, O. D.; Aiello, L.; Ain, A.; Ajith, P.; Akutsu, T.; de Alarcón, P. F.; Akcay, S.; Albanesi, S.; Allocca, A.; Altin, P. A.; Amato, A.; Anand, C.; Anand, S.; Ananyeva, A.; Anderson, S. B.; Anderson, W. G.; Ando, M.; Andrade, T.; Andres, N.; Andrić, T.; Angelova, S. V.; Ansoldi, S.; Antelis, J. M.; Antier, S.; Antonini, F.; Appert, S.; Arai, Koji; Arai, Koya; Arai, Y.; Araki, S.; Araya, A.; Araya, M. C.; Areeda, J. S.; Arène, M.; Aritomi, N.; Arnaud, N.; Arogeti, M.; Aronson, S. M.; Arun, K. G.; Asada, H.; Asali, Y.; Ashton, G.; Aso, Y.; Assiduo, M.; Aston, S. M.; Astone, P.; Aubin, F.; Austin, C.; Babak, S.; Badaracco, F.; Bader, M. K. M.; Badger, C.; Bae, S.; Bae, Y.; Baer, A. M.; Bagnasco, S.; Bai, Y.; Baiotti, L.; Baird, J.; Bajpai, R.; Ball, M.; Ballardin, G.; Ballmer, S. W.; Balsamo, A.; Baltus, G.; Banagiri, S.; Bankar, D.; Barayoga, J. C.; Barbieri, C.; Barish, B. C.; Barker, D.; Barneo, P.; Barone, F.; Barr, B.; Barsotti, L.; Barsuglia, M.; Barta, D.; Bartlett, J.; Barton, M. A.; Bartos, I.; Bassiri, R.; Basti, A.; Bawaj, M.; Bayley, J. C.; Baylor, A. C.; Bazzan, M.; Bécsy, B.; Bedakihale, V. M.; Bejger, M.; Belahcene, I.; Benedetto, V.; Beniwal, D.; Bennett, T. F.; Bentley, J. D.; BenYaala, M.; Bergamin, F.; Berger, B. K.; Bernuzzi, S.; Berry, C. P. L.; Bersanetti, D.; Bertolini, A.; Betzwieser, J.; Beveridge, D.; Bhandare, R.; Bhardwaj, U.; Bhattacharjee, D.; Bhaumik, S.; Bilenko, I. A.; Billingsley, G.; Bini, S.; Birney, I. A.; Birnholtz, O.; Biscans, S.; Bischi, M.; Biscoveanu, S.; Bisht, A.; Biswas, B.; Bitossi, M.; Bizouard, M. -A.; Blackburn, J. K.; Blair, C. D.; Blair, D. G.; Blair, R. M.; Bobba, F.; Bode, N.; Boer, M.; Bogaert, G.; Boldrini, M.; Bonavena, L. D.; Bondu, F.; Bonilla, E.; Bonnand, R.; Booker, P.; Boom, B. A.; Bork, R.; Boschi, V.; Bose, N.; Bose, S.; Bossilkov, V.; Boudart, V.; Bouffanais, Y.; Bozzi, A.; Bradaschia, C.; Brady, P. R.; Bramley, A.; Branch, A.; Branchesi, M.; Brandt, J.; Brau, J. E.; Breschi, M.; Briant, T.; Briggs, J. H.; Brillet, A.; Brinkmann, M.; Brockill, P.; Brooks, A. F.; Brooks, J.; Brown, D. D.; Brunett, S.; Bruno, G.; Bruntz, R.; Bryant, J.; Bulik, T.; Bulten, H. J.; Buonanno, A.; Buscicchio, R.; Buskulic, D.; Buy, C.; Byer, R. L.; Cadonati, L.; Cagnoli, G.; Cahillane, C.; Bustillo, J. Calderón; Callaghan, J. D.; Callister, T. A.; Calloni, E.; Cameron, J.; Camp, J. B.; Canepa, M.; Canevarolo, S.; Cannavacciuolo, M.; Cannon, K. C.; Cao, H.; Cao, Z.; Capocasa, E.; Capote, E.; Carapella, G.; Carbognani, F.; Carlin, J. B.; Carney, M. F.; Carpinelli, M.; Carrillo, G.; Carullo, G.; Carver, T. L.; Diaz, J. Casanueva; Casentini, C.; Castaldi, G.; Caudill, S.; Cavaglià, M.; Cavalier, F.; Cavalieri, R.; Ceasar, M.; Cella, G.; Cerdá-Durán, P.; Cesarini, E.; Chaibi, W.; Chakravarti, K.; Subrahmanya, S. Chalathadka; Champion, E.; Chan, C. -H.; Chan, C.; Chan, C. L.; Chan, K.; Chan, M.; Chandra, K.; Chanial, P.; Chao, S.; Chapman-Bird, C. E. A.; Charlton, P.; Chase, E. A.; Chassande-Mottin, E.; Chatterjee, C.; Chatterjee, Debarati; Chatterjee, Deep; Chaturvedi, M.; Chaty, S.; Chatziioannou, K.; Chen, C.; Chen, H. Y.; Chen, J.; Chen, K.; Chen, X.; Chen, Y. -B.; Chen, Y. -R.; Chen, Z.; Cheng, H.; Cheong, C. K.; Cheung, H. Y.; Chia, H. Y.; Chiadini, F.; Chiang, C-Y.; Chiarini, G.; Chierici, R.; Chincarini, A.; Chiofalo, M. L.; Chiummo, A.; Cho, G.; Cho, H. S.; Choudhary, R. K.; Choudhary, S.; Christensen, N.; Chu, H.; Chu, Q.; Chu, Y-K.; Chua, S.; Chung, K. W.; Ciani, G.; Ciecielag, P.; Cieślar, M.; Cifaldi, M.; Ciobanu, A. A.; Ciolfi, R.; Cipriano, F.; Cirone, A.; Clara, F.; Clark, E. N.; Clark, J. A.; Clarke, L.; Clearwater, P.; Clesse, S.; Cleva, F.; Coccia, E.; Codazzo, E.; Cohadon, P. -F.; Cohen, D. E.; Cohen, L.; Colleoni, M.; Collette, C. G.; Colombo, A.; Colpi, M.; Compton, C. M.; Constancio, M.; Conti, L.; Cooper, S. J.; Corban, P.; Corbitt, T. R.; Cordero-Carrión, I.; Corezzi, S.; Corley, K. R.; Cornish, N.; Corre, D.; Corsi, A.; Cortese, S.; Costa, C. A.; Cotesta, R.; Coughlin, M. W.; Coulon, J. -P.; Countryman, S. T.; Cousins, B.; Couvares, P.; Coward, D. M.; Cowart, M. J.; Coyne, D. C.; Coyne, R.; Creighton, J. D. E.; Creighton, T. D.; Criswell, A. W.; Croquette, M.; Crowder, S. G.; Cudell, J. R.; Cullen, T. J.; Cumming, A.; Cummings, R.; Cunningham, L.; Cuoco, E.; Curyło, M.; Dabadie, P.; Canton, T. Dal; Dall’Osso, S.; Dálya, G.; Dana, A.; DaneshgaranBajastani, L. M.; D’Angelo, B.; Danila, B.; Danilishin, S.; D’Antonio, S.; Danzmann, K.; Darsow-Fromm, C.; Dasgupta, A.; Datrier, L. E. H.; Datta, S.; Dattilo, V.; Dave, I.; Davier, M.; Davies, G. S.; Davis, D.; Davis, M. C.; Daw, E. J.; Dean, R.; DeBra, D.; Deenadayalan, M.; Degallaix, J.; De Laurentis, M.; Deléglise, S.; Del Favero, V.; De Lillo, F.; De Lillo, N.; Del Pozzo, W.; DeMarchi, L. M.; De Matteis, F.; D’Emilio, V.; Demos, N.; Dent, T.; Depasse, A.; De Pietri, R.; De Rosa, R.; De Rossi, C.; DeSalvo, R.; De Simone, R.; Dhurandhar, S.; Díaz, M. C.; Diaz-Ortiz, M.; Didio, N. A.; Dietrich, T.; Di Fiore, L.; Di Fronzo, C.; Di Giorgio, C.; Di Giovanni, F.; Di Giovanni, M.; Di Girolamo, T.; Di Lieto, A.; Ding, B.; Di Pace, S.; Di Palma, I.; Di Renzo, F.; Divakarla, A. K.; Dmitriev, A.; Doctor, Z.; D’Onofrio, L.; Donovan, F.; Dooley, K. L.; Doravari, S.; Dorrington, I.; Drago, M.; Driggers, J. C.; Drori, Y.; Ducoin, J. -G.; Dupej, P.; Durante, O.; D’Urso, D.; Duverne, P. -A.; Dwyer, S. E.; Eassa, C.; Easter, P. J.; Ebersold, M.; Eckhardt, T.; Eddolls, G.; Edelman, B.; Edo, T. B.; Edy, O.; Effler, A.; Eguchi, S.; Eichholz, J.; Eikenberry, S. S.; Eisenmann, M.; Eisenstein, R. A.; Ejlli, A.; Engelby, E.; Enomoto, Y.; Errico, L.; Essick, R. C.; Estellés, H.; Estevez, D.; Etienne, Z.; Etzel, T.; Evans, M.; Evans, T. M.; Ewing, B. E.; Fafone, V.; Fair, H.; Fairhurst, S.; Farah, A. M.; Farinon, S.; Farr, B.; Farr, W. M.; Farrow, N. W.; Fauchon-Jones, E. J.; Favaro, G.; Favata, M.; Fays, M.; Fazio, M.; Feicht, J.; Fejer, M. M.; Fenyvesi, E.; Ferguson, D. L.; Fernandez-Galiana, A.; Ferrante, I.; Ferreira, T. A.; Fidecaro, F.; Figura, P.; Fiori, I.; Fishbach, M.; Fisher, R. P.; Fittipaldi, R.; Fiumara, V.; Flaminio, R.; Floden, E.; Fong, H.; Font, J. A.; Fornal, B.; Forsyth, P. W. F.; Franke, A.; Frasca, S.; Frasconi, F.; Frederick, C.; Freed, J. P.; Frei, Z.; Freise, A.; Frey, R.; Fritschel, P.; Frolov, V. V.; Fronzé, G. G.; Fujii, Y.; Fujikawa, Y.; Fukunaga, M.; Fukushima, M.; Fulda, P.; Fyffe, M.; Gabbard, H. A.; Gadre, B. U.; Gair, J. R.; Gais, J.; Galaudage, S.; Gamba, R.; Ganapathy, D.; Ganguly, A.; Gao, D.; Gaonkar, S. G.; Garaventa, B.; García, F.; García-Núñez, C.; García-Quirós, C.; Garufi, F.; Gateley, B.; Gaudio, S.; Gayathri, V.; Ge, G. -G.; Gemme, G.; Gennai, A.; George, J.; George, R. N.; Gerberding, O.; Gergely, L.; Gewecke, P.; Ghonge, S.; Ghosh, Abhirup; Ghosh, Archisman; Ghosh, Shaon; Ghosh, Shrobana; Giacomazzo, B.; Giacoppo, L.; Giaime, J. A.; Giardina, K. D.; Gibson, D. R.; Gier, C.; Giesler, M.; Giri, P.; Gissi, F.; Glanzer, J.; Gleckl, A. E.; Godwin, P.; Golomb, J.; Goetz, E.; Goetz, R.; Gohlke, N.; Goncharov, B.; González, G.; Gopakumar, A.; Gosselin, M.; Gouaty, R.; Gould, D. W.; Grace, B.; Grado, A.; Granata, M.; Granata, V.; Grant, A.; Gras, S.; Grassia, P.; Gray, C.; Gray, R.; Greco, G.; Green, A. C.; Green, R.; Gretarsson, A. M.; Gretarsson, E. M.; Griffith, D.; Griffiths, W.; Griggs, H. L.; Grignani, G.; Grimaldi, A.; Grimm, S. J.; Grote, H.; Grunewald, S.; Gruning, P.; Guerra, D.; Guidi, G. M.; Guimaraes, A. R.; Guixé, G.; Gulati, H. K.; Guo, H. -K.; Guo, Y.; Gupta, Anchal; Gupta, Anuradha; Gupta, P.; Gustafson, E. K.; Gustafson, R.; Guzman, F.; Ha, S.; Haegel, L.; Hagiwara, A.; Haino, S.; Halim, O.; Hall, E. D.; Hamilton, E. Z.; Hammond, G.; Han, W. -B.; Haney, M.; Hanks, J.; Hanna, C.; Hannam, M. D.; Hannuksela, O.; Hansen, H.; Hansen, T. J.; Hanson, J.; Harder, T.; Hardwick, T.; Haris, K.; Harms, J.; Harry, G. M.; Harry, I. W.; Hartwig, D.; Hasegawa, K.; Haskell, B.; Hasskew, R. K.; Haster, C. -J.; Hattori, K.; Haughian, K.; Hayakawa, H.; Hayama, K.; Hayes, F. J.; Healy, J.; Heidmann, A.; Heidt, A.; Heintze, M. C.; Heinze, J.; Heinzel, J.; Heitmann, H.; Hellman, F.; Hello, P.; Helmling-Cornell, A. F.; Hemming, G.; Hendry, M.; Heng, I. S.; Hennes, E.; Hennig, J.; Hennig, M. H.; Hernandez, A. G.; Vivanco, F. Hernandez; Heurs, M.; Hild, S.; Hill, P.; Himemoto, Y.; Hines, A. S.; Hiranuma, Y.; Hirata, N.; Hirose, E.; Hochheim, S.; Hofman, D.; Hohmann, J. N.; Holcomb, D. G.; Holland, N. A.; Hollows, I. J.; Holmes, Z. J.; Holt, K.; Holz, D. E.; Hong, Z.; Hopkins, P.; Hough, J.; Hourihane, S.; Howell, E. J.; Hoy, C. G.; Hoyland, D.; Hreibi, A.; Hsieh, B-H.; Hsu, Y.; Huang, G-Z.; Huang, H-Y.; Huang, P.; Huang, Y-C.; Huang, Y. -J.; Huang, Y.; Hübner, M. T.; Huddart, A. D.; Hughey, B.; Hui, D. C. Y.; Hui, V.; Husa, S.; Huttner, S. H.; Huxford, R.; Huynh-Dinh, T.; Ide, S.; Idzkowski, B.; Iess, A.; Ikenoue, B.; Imam, S.; Inayoshi, K.; Ingram, C.; Inoue, Y.; Ioka, K.; Isi, M.; Isleif, K.; Ito, K.; Itoh, Y.; Iyer, B. R.; Izumi, K.; JaberianHamedan, V.; Jacqmin, T.; Jadhav, S. J.; Jadhav, S. P.; James, A. L.; Jan, A. Z.; Jani, K.; Janquart, J.; Janssens, K.; Janthalur, N. N.; Jaranowski, P.; Jariwala, D.; Jaume, R.; Jenkins, A. C.; Jenner, K.; Jeon, C.; Jeunon, M.; Jia, W.; Jin, H. -B.; Johns, G. R.; Jones, A. W.; Jones, D. I.; Jones, J. D.; Jones, P.; Jones, R.; Jonker, R. J. G.; Ju, L.; Jung, P.; Jung, k.; Junker, J.; Juste, V.; Kaihotsu, K.; Kajita, T.; Kakizaki, M.; Kalaghatgi, C. V.; Kalogera, V.; Kamai, B.; Kamiizumi, M.; Kanda, N.; Kandhasamy, S.; Kang, G.; Kanner, J. B.; Kao, Y.; Kapadia, S. J.; Kapasi, D. P.; Karat, S.; Karathanasis, C.; Karki, S.; Kashyap, R.; Kasprzack, M.; Kastaun, W.; Katsanevas, S.; Katsavounidis, E.; Katzman, W.; Kaur, T.; Kawabe, K.; Kawaguchi, K.; Kawai, N.; Kawasaki, T.; Kéfélian, F.; Keitel, D.; Key, J. S.; Khadka, S.; Khalili, F. Y.; Khan, S.; Khazanov, E. A.; Khetan, N.; Khursheed, M.; Kijbunchoo, N.; Kim, C.; Kim, J. C.; Kim, J.; Kim, K.; Kim, W. S.; Kim, Y. -M.; Kimball, C.; Kimura, N.; Kinley-Hanlon, M.; Kirchhoff, R.; Kissel, J. S.; Kita, N.; Kitazawa, H.; Kleybolte, L.; Klimenko, S.; Knee, A. M.; Knowles, T. D.; Knyazev, E.; Koch, P.; Koekoek, G.; Kojima, Y.; Kokeyama, K.; Koley, S.; Kolitsidou, P.; Kolstein, M.; Komori, K.; Kondrashov, V.; Kong, A. K. H.; Kontos, A.; Koper, N.; Korobko, M.; Kotake, K.; Kovalam, M.; Kozak, D. B.; Kozakai, C.; Kozu, R.; Kringel, V.; Krishnendu, N. V.; Królak, A.; Kuehn, G.; Kuei, F.; Kuijer, P.; Kulkarni, S.; Kumar, A.; Kumar, P.; Kumar, Rahul; Kumar, Rakesh; Kume, J.; Kuns, K.; Kuo, C.; Kuo, H-S.; Kuromiya, Y.; Kuroyanagi, S.; Kusayanagi, K.; Kuwahara, S.; Kwak, K.; Lagabbe, P.; Laghi, D.; Lalande, E.; Lam, T. L.; Lamberts, A.; Landry, M.; Landry, P.; Lane, B. B.; Lang, R. N.; Lange, J.; Lantz, B.; La Rosa, I.; Lartaux-Vollard, A.; Lasky, P. D.; Laxen, M.; Lazzarini, A.; Lazzaro, C.; Leaci, P.; Leavey, S.; Lecoeuche, Y. K.; Lee, H. K.; Lee, H. M.; Lee, H. W.; Lee, J.; Lee, K.; Lee, R.; Lehmann, J.; Lemaître, A.; Leonardi, M.; Leroy, N.; Letendre, N.; Levesque, C.; Levin, Y.; Leviton, J. N.; Leyde, K.; Li, A. K. Y.; Li, B.; Li, J.; Li, K. L.; Li, T. G. F.; Li, X.; Lin, C-Y.; Lin, F-K.; Lin, F-L.; Lin, H. L.; Lin, L. C. -C.; Linde, F.; Linker, S. D.; Linley, J. N.; Littenberg, T. B.; Liu, G. C.; Liu, J.; Liu, K.; Liu, X.; Llamas, F.; Llorens-Monteagudo, M.; Lo, R. K. L.; Lockwood, A.; Loh, M.; London, L. T.; Longo, A.; Lopez, D.; Portilla, M. Lopez; Lorenzini, M.; Loriette, V.; Lormand, M.; Losurdo, G.; Lott, T. P.; Lough, J. D.; Lousto, C. O.; Lovelace, G.; Lucaccioni, J. F.; Lück, H.; Lumaca, D.; Lundgren, A. P.; Luo, L. -W.; Lynam, J. E.; Macas, R.; MacInnis, M.; Macleod, D. M.; MacMillan, I. A. O.; Macquet, A.; Hernandez, I. Magaña; Magazzù, C.; Magee, R. M.; Maggiore, R.; Magnozzi, M.; Mahesh, S.; Majorana, E.; Makarem, C.; Maksimovic, I.; Maliakal, S.; Malik, A.; Man, N.; Mandic, V.; Mangano, V.; Mango, J. L.; Mansell, G. L.; Manske, M.; Mantovani, M.; Mapelli, M.; Marchesoni, F.; Marchio, M.; Marion, F.; Mark, Z.; Márka, S.; Márka, Z.; Markakis, C.; Markosyan, A. S.; Markowitz, A.; Maros, E.; Marquina, A.; Marsat, S.; Martelli, F.; Martin, I. W.; Martin, R. M.; Martinez, M.; Martinez, V. A.; Martinez, V.; Martinovic, K.; Martynov, D. V.; Marx, E. J.; Masalehdan, H.; Mason, K.; Massera, E.; Masserot, A.; Massinger, T. J.; Masso-Reid, M.; Mastrogiovanni, S.; Matas, A.; Mateu-Lucena, M.; Matichard, F.; Matiushechkina, M.; Mavalvala, N.; McCann, J. J.; McCarthy, R.; McClelland, D. E.; McClincy, P. K.; McCormick, S.; McCuller, L.; McGhee, G. I.; McGuire, S. C.; McIsaac, C.; McIver, J.; McRae, T.; McWilliams, S. T.; Meacher, D.; Mehmet, M.; Mehta, A. K.; Meijer, Q.; Melatos, A.; Melchor, D. A.; Mendell, G.; Menendez-Vazquez, A.; Menoni, C. S.; Mercer, R. A.; Mereni, L.; Merfeld, K.; Merilh, E. L.; Merritt, J. D.; Merzougui, M.; Meshkov, S.; Messenger, C.; Messick, C.; Meyers, P. M.; Meylahn, F.; Mhaske, A.; Miani, A.; Miao, H.; Michaloliakos, I.; Michel, C.; Michimura, Y.; Middleton, H.; Milano, L.; Miller, A. L.; Miller, A.; Miller, B.; Miller, S.; Millhouse, M.; Mills, J. C.; Milotti, E.; Minazzoli, O.; Minenkov, Y.; Mio, N.; Mir, Ll. M.; Miravet-Tenés, M.; Mishra, C.; Mishra, T.; Mistry, T.; Mitra, S.; Mitrofanov, V. P.; Mitselmakher, G.; Mittleman, R.; Miyakawa, O.; Miyamoto, A.; Miyazaki, Y.; Miyo, K.; Miyoki, S.; Mo, Geoffrey; Modafferi, L. M.; Moguel, E.; Mogushi, K.; Mohapatra, S. R. P.; Mohite, S. R.; Molina, I.; Molina-Ruiz, M.; Mondin, M.; Montani, M.; Moore, C. J.; Moraru, D.; Morawski, F.; More, A.; Moreno, C.; Moreno, G.; Mori, Y.; Morisaki, S.; Moriwaki, Y.; Morrás, G.; Mours, B.; Mow-Lowry, C. M.; Mozzon, S.; Muciaccia, F.; Mukherjee, Arunava; Mukherjee, D.; Mukherjee, Soma; Mukherjee, Subroto; Mukherjee, Suvodip; Mukund, N.; Mullavey, A.; Munch, J.; Muñiz, E. A.; Murray, P. G.; Musenich, R.; Muusse, S.; Nadji, S. L.; Nagano, K.; Nagano, S.; Nagar, A.; Nakamura, K.; Nakano, H.; Nakano, M.; Nakashima, R.; Nakayama, Y.; Napolano, V.; Nardecchia, I.; Narikawa, T.; Naticchioni, L.; Nayak, B.; Nayak, R. K.; Negishi, R.; Neil, B. F.; Neilson, J.; Nelemans, G.; Nelson, T. J. N.; Nery, M.; Neubauer, P.; Neunzert, A.; Ng, K. Y.; Ng, S. W. S.; Nguyen, C.; Nguyen, P.; Nguyen, T.; Quynh, L. Nguyen; Ni, W. -T.; Nichols, S. A.; Nishizawa, A.; Nissanke, S.; Nitoglia, E.; Nocera, F.; Norman, M.; North, C.; Nozaki, S.; Siles, J. F. Nuño; Nuttall, L. K.; Oberling, J.; O’Brien, B. D.; Obuchi, Y.; O’Dell, J.; Oelker, E.; Ogaki, W.; Oganesyan, G.; Oh, J. J.; Oh, K.; Oh, S. H.; Ohashi, M.; Ohishi, N.; Ohkawa, M.; Ohme, F.; Ohta, H.; Okada, M. A.; Okutani, Y.; Okutomi, K.; Olivetto, C.; Oohara, K.; Ooi, C.; Oram, R.; O’Reilly, B.; Ormiston, R. G.; Ormsby, N. D.; Ortega, L. F.; O’Shaughnessy, R.; O’Shea, E.; Oshino, S.; Ossokine, S.; Osthelder, C.; Otabe, S.; Ottaway, D. J.; Overmier, H.; Pace, A. E.; Pagano, G.; Page, M. A.; Pagliaroli, G.; Pai, A.; Pai, S. A.; Palamos, J. R.; Palashov, O.; Palomba, C.; Pan, H.; Pan, K.; Panda, P. K.; Pang, H.; Pang, P. T. H.; Pankow, C.; Pannarale, F.; Pant, B. C.; Panther, F. 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doi:10.1103/PhysRevX.13.011048

Population of Merging Compact Binaries Inferred Using Gravitational Waves through GWTC-3

Journal Article · Wed Mar 29 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Physical Review. X

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.13.011048· OSTI ID:1963979

Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D.; Acernese, F.; Ackley, K.; Adams, C.; Adhikari, N.; Adhikari, R. X.; Adya, V. B.; Affeldt, C.; Agarwal, D.; Agathos, M.; Agatsuma, K.; Aggarwal, N.; Aguiar, O. D.; Aiello, L.; Ain, A.; Ajith, P.; Akutsu, T.; de Alarcón, P. F.; Akcay, S. more »

We report on the population properties of compact binary mergers inferred from gravitational-wave observations of these systems during the first three LIGO-Virgo observing runs. The Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog 3 (GWTC-3) contains signals consistent with three classes of binary mergers: binary black hole, binary neutron star, and neutron star–black hole mergers. We infer the binary neutron star merger rate to be between 10 and $1700 {Gpc}^{- 3} {yr}^{- 1}$ and the neutron star–black hole merger rate to be between 7.8 and $140 {Gpc}^{- 3} {yr}^{- 1}$ , assuming a constant rate density in the comoving frame and taking the union of 90% credible intervals for methods used in this work. We infer the binary black hole merger rate, allowing for evolution with redshift, to be between 17.9 and $44 {Gpc}^{- 3} {yr}^{- 1}$ at a fiducial redshift ( $z = 0.2$ ). The rate of binary black hole mergers is observed to increase with redshift at a rate proportional to $(1 + z)^{κ}$ with $κ = 2. 9_{- 1.8}^{+ 1.7}$ for $z ≲ 1$ . Using both binary neutron star and neutron star–black hole binaries, we obtain a broad, relatively flat neutron star mass distribution extending from ${1.2}_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.1}$ to ${2.0}_{- 0.3}^{+ 0.3} M_{⊙}$ . We confidently determine that the merger rate as a function of mass sharply declines after the expected maximum neutron star mass, but cannot yet confirm or rule out the existence of a lower mass gap between neutron stars and black holes. We also find the binary black hole mass distribution has localized over- and underdensities relative to a power-law distribution, with peaks emerging at chirp masses of ${8.3}_{- 0.5}^{+ 0.3}$ and ${27.9}_{- 1.8}^{+ 1.9} M_{⊙}$ . While we continue to find that the mass distribution of a binary’s more massive component strongly decreases as a function of primary mass, we observe no evidence of a strongly suppressed merger rate above approximately $60 M_{⊙}$ , which would indicate the presence of a upper mass gap. Observed black hole spins are small, with half of spin magnitudes below $χ_{i} \approx 0.25$ . While the majority of spins are preferentially aligned with the orbital angular momentum, we infer evidence of antialigned spins among the binary population. We observe an increase in spin magnitude for systems with more unequal-mass ratio. We also observe evidence of misalignment of spins relative to the orbital angular momentum.

Published by the American Physical Society 2023

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Research Organization:: California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Contributing Organization:: KAGRA Collaboration; LIGO Scientific Collaboration; Virgo Collaboration

OSTI ID:: 1963979

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2424565

Journal Information:: Physical Review. X, Journal Name: Physical Review. X Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 13; ISSN PRXHAE; ISSN 2160-3308

Publisher:: American Physical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Fast evaluation of multidetector consistency for real-time gravitational wave searches Hanna, Chad; Caudill, Sarah; Messick, Cody Physical Review D, Vol. 101, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.101.022003	journal	January 2020
New binary black hole mergers in the second observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo Venumadhav, Tejaswi; Zackay, Barak; Roulet, Javier Physical Review D, Vol. 101, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.101.083030	journal	April 2020
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Nonparametric constraints on neutron star matter with existing and upcoming gravitational wave and pulsar observations Landry, Philippe; Essick, Reed; Chatziioannou, Katerina Physical Review D, Vol. 101, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.101.123007	journal	June 2020
The mass gap, the spin gap, and the origin of merging binary black holes Baibhav, Vishal; Gerosa, Davide; Berti, Emanuele Physical Review D, Vol. 102, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.102.043002	journal	August 2020
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Maximum mass cutoff in the neutron star mass distribution and the prospect of forming supramassive objects in the double neutron star mergers Shao, Dong-Sheng; Tang, Shao-Peng; Jiang, Jin-Liang Physical Review D, Vol. 102, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.102.063006	journal	September 2020
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Spin and eccentricity evolution in triple systems: From the Lidov-Kozai interaction to the final merger of the inner binary Yu, Hang; Ma, Sizheng; Giesler, Matthew Physical Review D, Vol. 102, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.102.123009	journal	December 2020
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Mind the Gap: The Location of the Lower Edge of the Pair-instability Supernova Black Hole Mass Gap Farmer, R.; Renzo, M.; de Mink, S. E. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 887, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab518b	journal	December 2019
The Explosion of Helium Stars Evolved with Mass Loss Ertl, T.; Woosley, S. E.; Sukhbold, Tuguldur The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 890, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab6458	journal	February 2020
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PSR J0030+0451, GW170817, and the Nuclear Data: Joint Constraints on Equation of State and Bulk Properties of Neutron Stars Jiang, Jin-Liang; Tang, Shao-Peng; Wang, Yuan-Zhu The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 892, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab77cf	journal	March 2020
Black Hole Coagulation: Modeling Hierarchical Mergers in Black Hole Populations Doctor, Z.; Wysocki, D.; O’Shaughnessy, R. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 893, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab7fac	journal	April 2020
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The Low Effective Spin of Binary Black Holes and Implications for Individual Gravitational-wave Events Miller, Simona; Callister, Thomas A.; Farr, Will M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 895, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab80c0	journal	June 2020
Fingerprints of Binary Black Hole Formation Channels Encoded in the Mass and Spin of Merger Remnants Sedda, Manuel Arca; Mapelli, Michela; Spera, Mario The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 894, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab88b2	journal	May 2020
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Polluting the Pair-instability Mass Gap for Binary Black Holes through Super-Eddington Accretion in Isolated Binaries van Son, L. A. C.; De Mink, S. E.; Broekgaarden, F. S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 897, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab9809	journal	July 2020
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Black Hole Genealogy: Identifying Hierarchical Mergers with Gravitational Waves Kimball, Chase; Talbot, Colm; L. Berry, Christopher P. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 900, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aba518	journal	September 2020
Does GW190425 Require an Alternative Formation Pathway than a Fast-merging Channel? Safarzadeh, Mohammadtaher; Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico; Berger, Edo The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 900, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aba596	journal	August 2020
Populating the Upper Black Hole Mass Gap through Stellar Collisions in Young Star Clusters Kremer, Kyle; Spera, Mario; Becker, Devin The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 903, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abb945	journal	October 2020
Black Hole Mergers from Hierarchical Triples in Dense Star Clusters Martinez, Miguel A. S.; Fragione, Giacomo; Kremer, Kyle The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 903, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abba25	journal	November 2020
Discriminating between Neutron Stars and Black Holes with Imperfect Knowledge of the Maximum Neutron Star Mass Essick, Reed; Landry, Philippe The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 904, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abbd3b	journal	November 2020
Final Compact Remnants in Core-collapse Supernovae from 20 to 40 M _⊙: The Lower Mass Gap Liu, Tong; Wei, Yun-Feng; Xue, Li The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 908, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abd24e	journal	February 2021
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One Channel to Rule Them All? Constraining the Origins of Binary Black Holes Using Multiple Formation Pathways Zevin, Michael; Bavera, Simone S.; Berry, Christopher P. L. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 910, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abe40e	journal	April 2021
When Are LIGO/Virgo’s Big Black Hole Mergers? Fishbach, Maya; Doctor, Zoheyr; Callister, Thomas The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 912, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abee11	journal	May 2021
A Flexible Gaussian Process Reconstruction Method and the Mass Function of the Coalescing Binary Black Hole Systems Li, Yin-Jie; Wang, Yuan-Zhu; Han, Ming-Zhe The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 917, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac0971	journal	August 2021
Population Synthesis of Black Hole Binaries with Compact Star Companions Shao, Yong; Li, Xiang-Dong The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 920, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac173e	journal	October 2021
3-OGC: Catalog of Gravitational Waves from Compact-binary Mergers Nitz, Alexander H.; Capano, Collin D.; Kumar, Sumit The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 922, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac1c03	journal	November 2021
Search for Lensing Signatures in the Gravitational-Wave Observations from the First Half of LIGO–Virgo’s Third Observing Run Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D.; Abraham, S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 923, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac23db	journal	December 2021
Binary Black Hole Formation with Detailed Modeling: Stable Mass Transfer Leads to Lower Merger Rates Gallegos-Garcia, Monica; Berry, Christopher P. L.; Marchant, Pablo The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 922, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac2610	journal	November 2021
Characterizing the Observation Bias in Gravitational-wave Detections and Finding Structured Population Properties Veske, Doğa; Bartos, Imre; Márka, Zsuzsa The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 922, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac27ac	journal	December 2021
Ain’t No Mountain High Enough: Semiparametric Modeling of LIGO–Virgo’s Binary Black Hole Mass Distribution Edelman, Bruce; Doctor, Zoheyr; Godfrey, Jaxen The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 924, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac3667	journal	January 2022
Probing Extremal Gravitational-wave Events with Coarse-grained Likelihoods Essick, Reed; Farah, Amanda; Galaudage, Shanika The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 926, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac3978	journal	February 2022
Hierarchical Inference of Binary Neutron Star Mass Distribution and Equation of State with Gravitational Waves Golomb, Jacob; Talbot, Colm The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 926, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac43bc	journal	February 2022
Population Properties of Gravitational-wave Neutron Star–Black Hole Mergers Zhu, Jin-Ping; Wu, Shichao; Qin, Ying The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 928, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac540c	journal	April 2022
Understanding How Fast Black Holes Spin by Analyzing Data from the Second Gravitational-wave Catalogue Hoy, Charlie; Fairhurst, Stephen; Hannam, Mark The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 928, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac54a3	journal	March 2022
Bridging the Gap: Categorizing Gravitational-wave Events at the Transition between Neutron Stars and Black Holes Farah, Amanda; Fishbach, Maya; Essick, Reed The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 931, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac5f03	journal	May 2022
The Redshift Evolution of the Binary Black Hole Merger Rate: A Weighty Matter van Son, L. A. C.; de Mink, S. E.; Callister, T. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 931, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac64a3	journal	May 2022
Constraining Black Hole Natal Kicks with Astrometric Microlensing Andrews, Jeff J.; Kalogera, Vicky The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 930, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac66d6	journal	May 2022
Bilby: A User-friendly Bayesian Inference Library for Gravitational-wave Astronomy Ashton, Gregory; Hübner, Moritz; Lasky, Paul D. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 241, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ab06fc	journal	April 2019
Illuminating Black hole Binary Formation Channels with Spins in Advanced ligo Rodriguez, Carl L.; Zevin, Michael; Pankow, Chris The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 832, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8205/832/1/L2	journal	November 2016
Are LIGO's Black Holes Made from Smaller Black Holes? Fishbach, Maya; Holz, Daniel E.; Farr, Ben The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 840, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa7045	journal	May 2017
Constraining the Maximum Mass of Neutron Stars from Multi-messenger Observations of GW170817 Margalit, Ben; Metzger, Brian D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 850, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa991c	journal	November 2017
Where Are LIGO’s Big Black Holes? Fishbach, Maya; Holz, Daniel E. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 851, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa9bf6	journal	December 2017
GW170608: Observation of a 19 Solar-mass Binary Black Hole Coalescence Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 851, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa9f0c	journal	December 2017
Using Gravitational-wave Observations and Quasi-universal Relations to Constrain the Maximum Mass of Neutron Stars Rezzolla, Luciano; Most, Elias R.; Weih, Lukas R. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 852, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aaa401	journal	January 2018
Using Spin to Understand the Formation of LIGO and Virgo’s Black Holes Farr, Ben; Holz, Daniel E.; Farr, Will M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 854, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aaaa64	journal	February 2018
Does the Black Hole Merger Rate Evolve with Redshift? Fishbach, Maya; Holz, Daniel E.; Farr, Will M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 863, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aad800	journal	August 2018
Redshift Evolution of the Black Hole Merger Rate from Globular Clusters Rodriguez, Carl L.; Loeb, Abraham The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 866, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aae377	journal	October 2018
On the Origin of Black Hole Spin in High-mass X-Ray Binaries Qin, Ying; Marchant, Pablo; Fragos, Tassos The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 870, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aaf97b	journal	January 2019
Revisiting the Lower Bound on Tidal Deformability Derived by AT 2017gfo Kiuchi, Kenta; Kyutoku, Koutarou; Shibata, Masaru The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 876, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab1e45	journal	May 2019
Sub-threshold Binary Neutron Star Search in Advanced LIGO’s First Observing Run Magee, Ryan; Fong, Heather; Caudill, Sarah The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 878, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab20cf	journal	June 2019
The Multi-messenger Matrix: The Future of Neutron Star Merger Constraints on the Nuclear Equation of State Margalit, Ben; Metzger, Brian D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab2ae2	journal	July 2019
Most Black Holes Are Born Very Slowly Rotating Fuller, Jim; Ma, Linhao The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab339b	journal	August 2019
Binary Black Hole Population Properties Inferred from the First and Second Observing Runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 882, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab3800	journal	September 2019
A Future Percent-level Measurement of the Hubble Expansion at Redshift 0.8 with Advanced LIGO Farr, Will M.; Fishbach, Maya; Ye, Jiani The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 883, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab4284	journal	October 2019
Picky Partners: The Pairing of Component Masses in Binary Black Hole Mergers Fishbach, Maya; Holz, Daniel E. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 891, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab7247	journal	March 2020
GW190425: Observation of a Compact Binary Coalescence with Total Mass ∼ 3.4 M _⊙ Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 892, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab75f5	journal	March 2020
The Most Massive Binary Black Hole Detections and the Identification of Population Outliers Fishbach, Maya; Farr, Will M.; Holz, Daniel E. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 891, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab77c9	journal	March 2020
An Alternative Interpretation of GW190412 as a Binary Black Hole Merger with a Rapidly Spinning Secondary Mandel, Ilya; Fragos, Tassos The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 895, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab8e41	journal	May 2020
GW190814: Gravitational Waves from the Coalescence of a 23 Solar Mass Black Hole with a 2.6 Solar Mass Compact Object Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D.; Abraham, S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 896, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab960f	journal	June 2020
Shouts and Murmurs: Combining Individual Gravitational-wave Sources with the Stochastic Background to Measure the History of Binary Black Hole Mergers Callister, Tom; Fishbach, Maya; Holz, Daniel E. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 896, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab9743	journal	June 2020
Properties and Astrophysical Implications of the 150 M _⊙ Binary Black Hole Merger GW190521 Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D.; Abraham, S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 900, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aba493	journal	September 2020
Exploring the Lower Mass Gap and Unequal Mass Regime in Compact Binary Evolution Zevin, Michael; Spera, Mario; Berry, Christopher P. L. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 899, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aba74e	journal	August 2020
Does Matter Matter? Using the Mass Distribution to Distinguish Neutron Stars and Black Holes Fishbach, Maya; Essick, Reed; Holz, Daniel E. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 899, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aba7b6	journal	August 2020
Constraints from Gravitational-wave Detections of Binary Black Hole Mergers on the ¹² C(α, γ) ¹⁶ O Rate Farmer, R.; Renzo, M.; de Mink, S. E. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 902, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abbadd	journal	October 2020
On the Origin of GW190521-like Events from Repeated Black Hole Mergers in Star Clusters Fragione, Giacomo; Loeb, Abraham; Rasio, Frederic A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 902, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abbc0a	journal	October 2020
Formation of GW190521 via Gas Accretion onto Population III Stellar Black Hole Remnants Born in High-redshift Minihalos Safarzadeh, Mohammadtaher; Haiman, Zoltán The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 903, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abc253	journal	November 2020
The Stellar Merger Scenario for Black Holes in the Pair-instability Gap Renzo, M.; Cantiello, M.; Metzger, B. D. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 904, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abc6a6	journal	November 2020
Minding the Gap: GW190521 as a Straddling Binary Fishbach, Maya; Holz, Daniel E. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 904, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abc827	journal	November 2020
The Most Ordinary Formation of the Most Unusual Double Black Hole Merger Belczynski, Krzysztof The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 905, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abcbf1	journal	December 2020
GW190521 May Be an Intermediate-mass Ratio Inspiral Nitz, Alexander H.; Capano, Collin D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 907, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abccc5	journal	January 2021
A Common Origin for Low-mass Ratio Events Observed by LIGO and Virgo in the First Half of the Third Observing Run Safarzadeh, Mohammadtaher; Wysocki, Daniel The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 907, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abd8c7	journal	January 2021
GW170817 and GW190814: Tension on the Maximum Mass Nathanail, Antonios; Most, Elias R.; Rezzolla, Luciano The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 908, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abdfc6	journal	February 2021
Dynamical Formation of the GW190814 Merger Arca Sedda, Manuel The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 908, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abdfcd	journal	February 2021
Heavy Double Neutron Stars: Birth, Midlife, and Death Galaudage, Shanika; Adamcewicz, Christian; Zhu, Xing-Jiang The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 909, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abe7f6	journal	March 2021
Population Properties of Compact Objects from the Second LIGO–Virgo Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D.; Abraham, S. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 913, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abe949	journal	May 2021
The Pair-instability Mass Gap for Black Holes Woosley, S. E.; Heger, Alexander The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 912, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abf2c4	journal	May 2021
The Emergence of Structure in the Binary Black Hole Mass Distribution Tiwari, Vaibhav; Fairhurst, Stephen The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 913, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abfbe7	journal	May 2021
Poking Holes: Looking for Gaps in LIGO/Virgo’s Black Hole Population Edelman, Bruce; Doctor, Zoheyr; Farr, Ben The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 913, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abfdb3	journal	May 2021
The Time Delay Distribution and Formation Metallicity of LIGO-Virgo’s Binary Black Holes Fishbach, Maya; Kalogera, Vicky The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 914, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac05c4	journal	June 2021
Observation of Gravitational Waves from Two Neutron Star–Black Hole Coalescences Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D.; Abraham, S. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 915, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac082e	journal	June 2021
Who Ordered That? Unequal-mass Binary Black Hole Mergers Have Larger Effective Spins Callister, Thomas A.; Haster, Carl-Johan; Ng, Ken K. Y. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 922, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac2ccc	journal	November 2021
Building Better Spin Models for Merging Binary Black Holes: Evidence for Nonspinning and Rapidly Spinning Nearly Aligned Subpopulations Galaudage, Shanika; Talbot, Colm; Nagar, Tushar The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 921, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac2f3c	journal	October 2021
The Mass Distribution of Neutron Stars in Gravitational-wave Binaries Landry, Philippe; Read, Jocelyn S. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 921, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac2f3e	journal	November 2021
The Implications of High Black Hole Spins for the Origin of Binary Black Hole Mergers Olejak, A.; Belczynski, K. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 921, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac2f48	journal	October 2021
Accuracy Requirements for Empirically Measured Selection Functions Farr, Will M. Research Notes of the AAS, Vol. 3, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.3847/2515-5172/ab1d5f	journal	May 2019
A Population-Informed Mass Estimate for Pulsar J0740+6620 Farr, Will M.; Chatziioannou, Katerina Research Notes of the AAS, Vol. 4, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.3847/2515-5172/ab9088	journal	May 2020
Probabilistic programming in Python using PyMC3 Salvatier, John; Wiecki, Thomas V.; Fonnesbeck, Christopher PeerJ Computer Science, Vol. 2 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.55	journal	January 2016

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