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Hierarchical multi-time-scale predictive thermal management and fuel optimization for heavy-duty compression ignition engines

Journal Article · · International Journal of Engine Research
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [3]
  1. Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
  2. General Motors, Warren, MI, USA
  3. Daimler Trucks North America, Detroit, MI, USA
+ Show Author Affiliations

For heavy-duty diesel engines, NOXemissions reduction is strongly constrained by fuel efficiency. This paper presents a hierarchical model predictive controller (H-MPC) for coordinated control of tailpipe NOXemissions and fuel consumption. The H-MPC uses the separation of slow and fast dynamics that exist in the engine and its aftertreatment system. The controller is synthesized with an architecture in which a high-level MPC uses a longer prediction horizon compared to the low-level predictive controller which tracks the high-level controller command and manages the thermal dynamics of the aftertreatment system. Engine load preview enables the high-level controller to estimate the desired catalyst temperature ahead of time and addresses the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) slow thermal dynamics. Calculated by the high-level controller, the intake manifold pressure, and the start of injection (SOI) crank angle is used as reference trajectories in the low-level controller that regulates fast dynamical behaviors such as engine out NOXemissions. Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) validation of this integrated H-MPC on a rapid prototype controller shows that when the SCR catalyst temperature is above light-off temperature (warmed-up condition), the engine operation is shifted to operate with the best fuel economy since the warmed-up SCR can efficiently reduce the engine-out NOXemissions. Results indicate that up to 0.8% benefit in cycle averaged BSFC along with a 13% reduction in tailpipe NOXcompared to a stock engine calibration can be achieved with the coordinated engine and aftertreatment system through H-MPC.

Research Organization:
Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
OSTI ID:
2424479
Journal Information:
International Journal of Engine Research, Journal Name: International Journal of Engine Research Journal Issue: 9 Vol. 24; ISSN 1468-0874
Publisher:
SAGE
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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