Disentangling the Hadronic Components in NGC 1068

Ajello, Marco; Murase, Kohta; McDaniel, Alex

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acf296

Disentangling the Hadronic Components in NGC 1068

Journal Article · Tue Sep 12 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · The Astrophysical Journal. Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acf296· OSTI ID:2423857

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Clemson Univ., SC (United States)
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States); Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ (United States); Kyoto Univ. (Japan)

The recent detection of high-energy neutrinos by IceCube in the direction of the nearby Seyfert/starburst galaxy NGC 1068 implies that radio-quiet active galactic nuclei can accelerate cosmic-ray ions. Dedicated multimessenger analyses suggest that the interaction of these high-energy ions with ambient gas or photons happens in a region of the galaxy that is highly opaque for GeV–TeV gamma rays. Otherwise, the GeV–TeV emission would violate existing constraints provided by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) and the Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov. The conditions of high optical depth are realized near the central supermassive black hole (SMBH). At the same time, the GeV emission detected by the Fermi LAT is likely related to the galaxy’s sustained star formation activity. In this work, we derive a 20 MeV–1 TeV spectrum of NGC 1068 using 14 yr of Fermi LAT observations. We find that the starburst hadronic component is responsible for NGC 1068's emission above ~500 MeV. However, below this energy, an additional component is required. In the 20–500 MeV range, the Fermi LAT data are consistent with hadronic emission initiated by non-thermal ions interacting with gas or photons in the vicinity of the central SMBH. This highlights the importance of the MeV band to discover hidden cosmic-ray accelerators.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE

Contributing Organization:: Fermi LAT Collaboration

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

OSTI ID:: 2423857

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal. Letters, Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal. Letters Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 954; ISSN 2041-8205

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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