ITER Toroidal Interferometer and Polarimeter (TIP) beam refraction in 3D density profiles

Van Zeeland, M. A.; Akiyama, T.; Becoulet, M.; Kim, C.

doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2023.113618

ITER Toroidal Interferometer and Polarimeter (TIP) beam refraction in 3D density profiles

Journal Article · Mon Mar 20 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Fusion Engineering and Design

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2023.113618· OSTI ID:2423839

^[1]; Akiyama, T. ^[1]; Becoulet, M. ^[2]; ^[3]

General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)
CEA, IRFM, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance (France)
SLS2 Consulting, San Diego, CA (United States)

Calculations of the expected refraction of the five ITER Toroidal Interferometer and Polarimeter (TIP) chords are presented for a range of conditions including high-density axisymmetric, ELMing H-mode cases and shattered pellet disruption mitigation cases. The calculations are carried out with a newly developed ray tracing code capable of following TIP’s 10.59 μm laser beams through arbitrary 3D electron density profiles. Using JOREK simulations of ELM density perturbations in a 15MA ITER baseline plasma, it is shown that refraction from ELMs is expected to be negligible. It is found, however, that TIP interferometers will be able to clearly resolve the line-integrated density perturbation from ELMs and contribute to the ITER measurement requirement “14. H-mode, ELMs and L-H mode transition indicator”. Calculations of the expected refraction in a NIMROD simulated shattered pellet disruption mitigation scenario with peak local electron densities of n_e = 3.7 x 10²¹ m^-3 (max line-averaged densities of n_avg = 1.3 x 10²¹ m^-3) also show tolerable refraction and it is likely that most, if not all chords, would avoid signal loss. In conclusion, for both axisymmetric and structured plasmas with line-averaged densities in the mid to upper 10²¹ m^-3 range, values likely present only during disruption mitigation, refraction becomes significant and could limit the ability of TIP to make reliable density measurements.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-09CH11466

OSTI ID:: 2423839

Journal Information:: Fusion Engineering and Design, Journal Name: Fusion Engineering and Design Vol. 193; ISSN 0920-3796

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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