Enumerating soil biodiversity

Anthony, Mark A.; Bender, S. Franz; van der Heijden, Marcel G.  A.

doi:10.1073/pnas.2304663120

Enumerating soil biodiversity

Journal Article · Mon Aug 07 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2304663120· OSTI ID:2422812

^[1]; ^[2]; van der Heijden, Marcel G. A. ^[2]

Plant-Soil Interactions Unit, Research Division Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Zürich 8046, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Forest Dynamics Research Unit, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
Plant-Soil Interactions Unit, Research Division Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Zürich 8046, Switzerland; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich 8008, Switzerland

Soil is an immense habitat for diverse organisms across the tree of life, but just how many organisms live in soil is surprisingly unknown. Previous efforts to enumerate soil biodiversity consider only certain types of organisms (e.g., animals) or report values for diverse groups without partitioning species that live in soil versus other habitats. Here, we reviewed the biodiversity literature to show that soil is likely home to 59 ± 15% of the species on Earth. We therefore estimate an approximately two times greater soil biodiversity than previous estimates, and we include representatives from the simplest (microbial) to most complex (mammals) organisms. Enchytraeidae have the greatest percentage of species in soil (98.6%), followed by fungi (90%), Plantae (85.5%), and Isoptera (84.2%). Our results demonstrate that soil is the most biodiverse singular habitat. By using this estimate of soil biodiversity, we can more accurately and quantitatively advocate for soil organismal conservation and restoration as a central goal of the Anthropocene.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 2422812

Journal Information:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Journal Name: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Journal Issue: 33 Vol. 120; ISSN 0027-8424

Publisher:: National Academy of SciencesCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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