The connected wedge theorem and its consequences

Journal Article · Mon Nov 28 00:00:00 EST 2022 · Journal of High Energy Physics (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep11(2022)153· OSTI ID:2421205

May, Alex ^[1]; Sorce, Jonathan ^[2]; Yoshida, Beni ^[3]

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1. Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Stanford Inst. for Theoretical Physics (ITP); Perimeter Inst. for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, ON (Canada); Univ. of California, Oakland, CA (United States)
2. Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Stanford Inst. for Theoretical Physics (ITP); Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
3. Perimeter Inst. for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, ON (Canada)

In the AdS/CFT correspondence, bulk causal structure has consequences for boundary entanglement. In quantum information science, causal structures can be replaced by distributed entanglement for the purposes of information processing. In this work, we deepen the understanding of both of these statements, and their relationship, with a number of new results. Centrally, we present and prove a new theorem, the n-to-n connected wedge theorem, which considers n input and n output locations at the boundary of an asymptotically AdS₂₊₁ spacetime described by AdS/CFT. When a sufficiently strong set of causal connections exists among these points in the bulk, a set of n associated regions in the boundary will have extensive-in-N mutual information across any bipartition of the regions. The proof holds in three bulk dimensions for classical spacetimes satisfying the null curvature condition and for semiclassical spacetimes satisfying standard conjectures. The n-to-n connected wedge theorem gives a precise example of how causal connections in a bulk state can emerge from large-N entanglement features of its boundary dual. It also has consequences for quantum information theory: it reveals one pattern of entanglement which is sufficient for information processing in a particular class of causal networks. We argue this pattern is also necessary, and give an AdS/CFT inspired protocol for information processing in this setting. Our theorem generalizes the 2-to-2 connected wedge theorem proven in [3]. We also correct some errors in the proof presented there, in particular a false claim that existing proof techniques work above three bulk dimensions.

• Research Organization: Univ. of California, Oakland, CA (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE Office of Science (SC)
• Grant/Contract Number: SC0019380
• OSTI ID: 2421205
• Journal Information: Journal of High Energy Physics (Online), Journal Name: Journal of High Energy Physics (Online) Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 2022; ISSN 1029-8479
• Publisher: Springer Nature
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS
AdS-CFT correspondence
classical theories of gravity
field theories in lower dimensions
models of quantum gravity