Systems of spins engineered with tunable density and reduced dimensionality enable a number of advancements in quantum sensing and simulation. Defects in diamond, such as nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers and substitutional nitrogen (P1 centers), are particularly promising solid-state platforms to explore. However, the ability to controllably create coherent, two-dimensional spin systems and characterize their properties, such as density, depth confinement, and coherence, is an outstanding materials challenge. We present a refined approach to engineer dense (≳1 ppm ∙ nm), 2D nitrogen, and NV layers in diamond using delta-doping during plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition epitaxial growth. We employ both traditional materials techniques, e.g., secondary ion mass spectrometry, alongside NV spin decoherence-based measurements to characterize the density and dimensionality of the P1 and NV layers. We find P1 densities of 5–10 ppm ∙ nm, NV densities between 1 and 3.5 ppm ∙ nm tuned via electron irradiation dosage, and depth confinement of the spin layer down to 1.6 nm. We also observe high (up to 0.74) ratios of NV to P1 centers and reproducibly long NV coherence times, dominated by dipolar interactions with the engineered P1 and NV spin baths.
Hughes, Lillian B., et al. "Two-dimensional spin systems in PECVD-grown diamond with tunable density and long coherence for enhanced quantum sensing and simulation." APL Materials, vol. 11, no. 2, Feb. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0133501
Hughes, Lillian B., Zhang, Zhiran, Jin, Chang, Meynell, Simon A., Ye, Bingtian, Wu, Weijie, Wang, Zilin, Davis, Emily J., Mates, Thomas E., Yao, Norman Y., Mukherjee, Kunal, & Bleszynski Jayich, Ania C. (2023). Two-dimensional spin systems in PECVD-grown diamond with tunable density and long coherence for enhanced quantum sensing and simulation. APL Materials, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0133501
Hughes, Lillian B., Zhang, Zhiran, Jin, Chang, et al., "Two-dimensional spin systems in PECVD-grown diamond with tunable density and long coherence for enhanced quantum sensing and simulation," APL Materials 11, no. 2 (2023), https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0133501
@article{osti_2421056,
author = {Hughes, Lillian B. and Zhang, Zhiran and Jin, Chang and Meynell, Simon A. and Ye, Bingtian and Wu, Weijie and Wang, Zilin and Davis, Emily J. and Mates, Thomas E. and Yao, Norman Y. and others},
title = {Two-dimensional spin systems in PECVD-grown diamond with tunable density and long coherence for enhanced quantum sensing and simulation},
annote = {Systems of spins engineered with tunable density and reduced dimensionality enable a number of advancements in quantum sensing and simulation. Defects in diamond, such as nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers and substitutional nitrogen (P1 centers), are particularly promising solid-state platforms to explore. However, the ability to controllably create coherent, two-dimensional spin systems and characterize their properties, such as density, depth confinement, and coherence, is an outstanding materials challenge. We present a refined approach to engineer dense (≳1 ppm ∙ nm), 2D nitrogen, and NV layers in diamond using delta-doping during plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition epitaxial growth. We employ both traditional materials techniques, e.g., secondary ion mass spectrometry, alongside NV spin decoherence-based measurements to characterize the density and dimensionality of the P1 and NV layers. We find P1 densities of 5–10 ppm ∙ nm, NV densities between 1 and 3.5 ppm ∙ nm tuned via electron irradiation dosage, and depth confinement of the spin layer down to 1.6 nm. We also observe high (up to 0.74) ratios of NV to P1 centers and reproducibly long NV coherence times, dominated by dipolar interactions with the engineered P1 and NV spin baths.},
doi = {10.1063/5.0133501},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2421056},
journal = {APL Materials},
issn = {ISSN 2166-532X},
number = {2},
volume = {11},
place = {United States},
publisher = {American Institute of Physics (AIP)},
year = {2023},
month = {02}}
Ziegler, James F.; Ziegler, M. D.; Biersack, J. P.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Vol. 268, Issue 11-12https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2010.02.091
