Biodiversity and Stoichiometric Plasticity Increase Pico‐Phytoplankton Contributions to Marine Net Primary Productivity and the Biological Pump

Letscher, Robert T.; Moore, J. Keith; Martiny, Adam C.; Lomas, Michael W.

doi:10.1029/2023gb007756

Biodiversity and Stoichiometric Plasticity Increase Pico‐Phytoplankton Contributions to Marine Net Primary Productivity and the Biological Pump

Journal Article · Tue Aug 01 04:00:00 EDT 2023 · Global Biogeochemical Cycles

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/2023gb007756· OSTI ID:2420539

^[1]; Moore, J. Keith ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[4]

Ocean Process Analysis Laboratory University of New Hampshire Durham NH USA; Earth Sciences University of New Hampshire Durham NH USA; OSTI
Earth System Science University of California Irvine CA USA
Earth System Science University of California Irvine CA USA; Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Irvine CA USA
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences East Boothbay ME USA

Abstract

Earth System Models generally predict increasing upper ocean stratification from 21st century warming, which will cause a decrease in the vertical nutrient flux forcing declines in marine net primary productivity (NPP) and carbon export. Recent advances in quantifying marine ecosystem carbon to nutrient stoichiometry have identified large latitudinal and biome variability, with low‐latitude oligotrophic systems harboring pico‐sized phytoplankton exhibiting large phosphorus to carbon cellular plasticity. The climate forced changes in nutrient flux stoichiometry and phytoplankton community composition are thus likely to alter the ocean's biogeochemical response and feedback with the carbon‐climate system. We have added three pico‐phytoplankton functional types within the Biogeochemical Elemental Cycling component of the Community Earth System Model while incorporating variable cellular phosphorus to carbon stoichiometry for all represented phytoplankton types. The model simulatesProchlorococcusandSynechococcuspopulations that dominate the productivity and sinking carbon export of the tropical and subtropical ocean, and pico‐eukaryote populations that contribute significantly to productivity and export within the subtropical to mid‐latitude transition zone, with the western subtropical regions of each basin supporting the most P‐poor stoichiometries. Subtropical gyre recirculation regions along the poleward flanks of surface western boundary currents are identified as regional hotspots of enhanced carbon export exhibiting C‐rich/P‐poor stoichiometry, preferentially inhabited by pico‐eukaryotes and diatoms. Collectively, pico‐phytoplankton contribute ∼58% of global NPP and ∼46% of global particulate organic carbon export below 100 m through direct and ecosystem processing pathways. Biodiversity and cellular nutrient plasticity in marine pico‐phytoplankton combine to increase their contributions to ocean productivity and the biological carbon pump.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Univ. of California, Irvine, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0016539

OSTI ID:: 2420539

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1995571

Journal Information:: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Journal Name: Global Biogeochemical Cycles Journal Issue: 8 Vol. 37; ISSN 0886-6236

Publisher:: American Geophysical Union (AGU)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Evidence for aggregation and export of cyanobacteria and nano-eukaryotes from the Sargasso Sea euphotic zone Lomas, M. W.; Moran, S. B. Biogeosciences, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-203-2011	journal	January 2011
A global compilation of dissolved iron measurements: focus on distributions and processes in the Southern Ocean Tagliabue, A.; Mtshali, T.; Aumont, O. Biogeosciences, Vol. 9, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2333-2012	journal	January 2012
Picophytoplankton biomass distribution in the global ocean Buitenhuis, E. T.; Li, W. K. W.; Vaulot, D. Earth System Science Data, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-4-37-2012	journal	January 2012
PISCES-v2: an ocean biogeochemical model for carbon and ecosystem studies Aumont, O.; Ethé, C.; Tagliabue, A. Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 8, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2465-2015	journal	January 2015
Linkages Between Dynamic Phytoplankton C:N:P and the Ocean Carbon Cycle Under Climate Change Matsumoto, Katsumi; Tanioka, Tatsuro Oceanography, Vol. 33, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2020.203	journal	June 2020

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