The underappreciated importance of solar radiation in constraining spring phenology of temperate ecosystems in the Northern and Eastern United States

Gu, Yating; Zhao, Yingyi; Guo, Zhengfei; Meng, Lin; Zhang, Kun; Wang, Jing; Lee, Calvin K. F.; Xie, Jing; Wang, Yantian; Yan, Zhengbing; Zhang, He; Wu, Jin

doi:10.1016/j.rse.2023.113617

The underappreciated importance of solar radiation in constraining spring phenology of temperate ecosystems in the Northern and Eastern United States

Journal Article · Mon May 15 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Remote Sensing of Environment

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2023.113617· OSTI ID:2420455

Gu, Yating ^[1]; Zhao, Yingyi ^[2]; Guo, Zhengfei ^[2]; Meng, Lin ^[3]; Zhang, Kun ^[2]; Wang, Jing ^[4]; Lee, Calvin K. F. ^[2]; Xie, Jing ^[5]; Wang, Yantian ^[6]; Yan, Zhengbing ^[7]; Zhang, He ^[2]; Wu, Jin ^[2]

Univ. of Hong Kong, Pokfulam (Hong Kong); OSTI
Univ. of Hong Kong, Pokfulam (Hong Kong)
Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN (United States)
Univ. of Hong Kong, Pokfulam (Hong Kong); Sun Yat-Sen Univ., Guangzhou (China)
Sun Yat-Sen Univ., Guangzhou (China)
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (China)
Univ. of Hong Kong, Pokfulam (Hong Kong); Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China). Institute of Botany

Spring phenology of temperate ecosystems is highly sensitive to climate change, generating various impacts on many important terrestrial surface biophysical processes. Although various prognostic models relying on environmental variables of temperature and photoperiod have been developed for spring phenology, comprehensive ecosystem-scale evaluations over large landscapes and long-time periods remain lacking. Further, environmental variables other than temperature and photoperiod might also importantly constrain spring phenology modelling but remain under-investigation. To address these issues, we leveraged around 20-years datasets of environmental variables (from Daymet and GLDAS products) and the spring phenology metric (i.e., the greenup date) respectively derived from MODIS and PhenoCams across 108 sites in the Northern and Eastern United States. We firstly cross-compared MODIS-derived greenup date with official PhenoCams product with high accuracy (R² = 0.70). Then, we evaluated the three prognostic models (i.e., Growing Degree Date (GDD), Sequential (SEQ) and optimality-based (OPT)) with MODIS-derived spring phenology, assessed the model residuals and their associations with soil moisture, rainfall, and solar radiation, and revised the two photoperiod-relevant models (SEQ, OPT) by replacing the daylength variable with solar radiation, which was found to contribute the most to model residuals. We found that 1) all models demonstrated good capability in characterizing spring phenology, with OPT performing the best (RMSE = 8.04 ± 5.05 days), followed by SEQ (RMSE = 10.57 ± 7.77 days) and GDD (RMSE = 10.84 ± 8.42 days), 2) all models displayed high model residuals showing tight correlation with solar radiation (r = 0.45–0.75), and 3) the revised models that included solar radiation significantly performed better with an RMSE reduction by 22.08%. Such results are likely because solar radiation better constrains early growing season plant photosynthesis than photoperiod, supporting the hypothesis of spring phenology as an adaptive strategy to maximize photosynthetic carbon gain (approximated by solar radiation) while minimizing frost damage risk (captured by temperature). Collectively, our study here reveals the underappreciated importance of solar radiation in constraining spring phenology of temperate ecosystems, and suggests ways to improve spring phenology modelling and other phenology-related ecological processes.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0016011

OSTI ID:: 2420455

Journal Information:: Remote Sensing of Environment, Journal Name: Remote Sensing of Environment Vol. 294; ISSN 0034-4257

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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