Entanglement between valence and sea quarks in hadrons of 1+1 dimensional QCD

Ehlers, Peter J.

doi:10.1016/j.aop.2023.169290

Entanglement between valence and sea quarks in hadrons of 1+1 dimensional QCD

Journal Article · Fri Mar 24 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Annals of Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aop.2023.169290· OSTI ID:2419488

Ehlers, Peter J. ^[1]

Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States); OSTI

The conceptual interpretation of valence- and sea-quark separation, which is a key aspect of the parton model and of an intuitive picture of hadron structure, becomes obscured by quantum effects in QCD. This suggests that there may be measures of entanglement between quark degrees of freedom that are present in QCD, but absent in the intuitive picture with a clear valence-sea (VS) separation. In this paper, we define the first rigorous measure of VS entanglement in QCD in an attempt to bring conceptual clarity to this issue, and, potentially, to find a measure of the applicability of the parton model to QCD bound states. This VS entanglement vanishes in the large-N_c limit, and it remains low when finite-N_c states resemble their large-N_c counterparts. We perform a numerical study of VS entanglement in 1 + 1 dimensional discrete light-cone quantized QCD, and in the process develop a method for building the color-singlet basis of 1 + 1d QCD that is manifestly complete and orthogonal by construction. We calculate this VS entanglement entropy for the first time and find that it is relatively low for the first few excited states of both mesons and baryons compared to all other states in the spectrum, with the VS entropy of ground state hadrons providing a minimum. We also see that for ground state mesons the entropy is well described in the 1/N_c approximation. These results suggest that low energy hadrons may be the only QCD bound states for which the large-N_c expansion, and perhaps the parton model, provide an accurate description. This work also provides the first evidence that the VS entanglement entropy of QCD in 3 + 1d, which would likely serve as an order parameter for the transition between quark and hadron degrees of freedom, may be perturbatively accessible through a large-N_c expansion.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-97ER41014

OSTI ID:: 2419488

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1968352

Journal Information:: Annals of Physics, Journal Name: Annals of Physics Journal Issue: C Vol. 452; ISSN 0003-4916

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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