Highly cascaded first-order sapphire optical fiber Bragg gratings fabricated by a femtosecond laser

Mumtaz, Farhan; Tekle, Hanok; Zhang, Bohong; Smith, Jeffrey D.; O’Malley, Ronald J.; Huang, Jie

doi:10.1364/ol.495138

Highly cascaded first-order sapphire optical fiber Bragg gratings fabricated by a femtosecond laser

Journal Article · 01 January 2023 · Optics Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.495138· OSTI ID:2418760

^[1]; Tekle, Hanok; ; Smith, Jeffrey D.; O’Malley, Ronald J.;

OSTI

This Letter reports an innovative technique for fabricating large-scale, highly cascaded first-order sapphire optical fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) using a femtosecond laser-assisted point-by-point inscription method. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, this study successfully demonstrates a distributed array of 10 FBGs within highly multimode sapphire crystal fiber, made possible by employing a high-power laser technique to generate larger reflectors with a Gaussian intensity profile. These first-order FBGs offer advantages such as enhanced reflectivity, shorter fabrication time, and simplified spectral characteristics, making them easier to interpret compared with high-order FBGs. The FBGs’ resilience and effectiveness are analyzed by subjecting them to temperature tests, proving their capacity for accurate temperature monitoring up to 1500°C—a testament to their suitability for harsh environments. This novel approach broadens the scope for sensing and communication applications in sapphire fibers, particularly under challenging conditions. The novelty of our work lies in successfully overcoming the limitations of previous designs by integrating a cascade of 10 FBGs in sapphire fibers, thereby enhancing multiplexing capabilities, minimizing overlapping of FBG peaks, and ensuring reliable temperature monitoring in industries and applications with thermal gradients.

Research Organization:: Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

DOE Contract Number:: EE0009119

OSTI ID:: 2418760

Journal Information:: Optics Letters, Journal Name: Optics Letters Journal Issue: 16 Vol. 48; ISSN 0146-9592; ISSN OPLEDP

Publisher:: Optical Society of America (OSA)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (14)

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