On the Hunt for the Origins of the Orphan–Chenab Stream: Detailed Element Abundances with APOGEE and Gaia

Hawkins, Keith; Price-Whelan, Adrian M.; Sheffield, Allyson A.; Subrahimovic, Aidan Z.; Beaton, Rachael L.; Belokurov, Vasily; Erkal, Denis; Koposov, Sergey E.; Lane, Richard R.; Laporte, Chervin P.; Nitschelm, Christian

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acb698

On the Hunt for the Origins of the Orphan–Chenab Stream: Detailed Element Abundances with APOGEE and Gaia

Journal Article · Mon May 15 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · The Astrophysical Journal

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acb698· OSTI ID:2417896

^[1]; ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[4]; ^[5]; ^[6]; ^[7]; ^[8]; ^[9]; Laporte, Chervin P. ^[10]; ^[11]

Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States); Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)
Flatiron Institute, New York, NY (United States)
LaGuardia Community College (CUNY), Long Island City, NY (United States)
New York Univ. (NYU), NY (United States)
Carnegie Observatories, Pasadena, CA (United States)
Flatiron Institute, New York, NY (United States); Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge (United Kingdom)
Univ. of Surrey, Guildford (United Kingdom)
Univ. of Edinburgh, Scotland (United Kingdom). The Royal Observatory; Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom)
Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago (Chile)
Universitat de Barcelona (Spain). Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Institut de Ciencies del Cosmos (ICCUB)
Univ. of Antofagasta (Chile)

Stellar streams in the Galactic halo are useful probes of the assembly of galaxies like the Milky Way. Many tidal stellar streams that have been found in recent years are accompanied by a known progenitor globular cluster or dwarf galaxy. However, the Orphan–Chenab (OC) stream is one case where a relatively narrow stream of stars has been found without a known progenitor. In an effort to find the parent of the OC stream, we use astrometry from the early third data release of ESA's Gaia mission (Gaia EDR3) and radial velocity information from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)-IV Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) survey to find up to 13 stars that are likely members of the OC stream. We use the APOGEE survey to study the chemical nature (for up to 10 stars) of the OC stream in the α (O, Mg, Ca, Si, Ti, and S), odd-Z (Al, K, and V), Fe-peak (Fe, Ni, Mn, Co, and Cr), and neutron-capture (Ce) elemental groups. We find that the stars that make up the OC stream are not consistent with a monometallic population and have a median metallicity of -1.92 dex with a dispersion of 0.28 dex. Our results also indicate that the α elements are depleted compared to the known Milky Way populations and that its [Mg/Al] abundance ratio is not consistent with second-generation stars from globular clusters. The detailed chemical pattern of these stars, namely the [α/Fe]–[Fe/H] plane and the metallicity distribution, indicates that the OC stream progenitor is very likely to be a dwarf spheroidal galaxy with a mass of ~10⁶M_⊙.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0003843

OSTI ID:: 2417896

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal, Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 948; ISSN 0004-637X

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Proper Motions of Stellar Streams Discovered in the Dark Energy Survey Shipp, N.; Li, T. S.; Pace, A. B. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 885, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab44bf	journal	October 2019
Variations in the Width, Density, and Direction of the Palomar 5 Tidal Tails Bonaca, Ana; Pearson, Sarah; Price-Whelan, Adrian M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 889, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab5afe	journal	January 2020
Chemical Analysis of the Ultrafaint Dwarf Galaxy Grus II. Signature of High-mass Stellar Nucleosynthesis Hansen, T. T.; Marshall, J. L.; Simon, J. D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 897, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab9643	journal	July 2020
Evidence from the H3 Survey That the Stellar Halo Is Entirely Comprised of Substructure Naidu, Rohan P.; Conroy, Charlie; Bonaca, Ana The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 901, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abaef4	journal	September 2020
APOGEE Chemical Abundance Patterns of the Massive Milky Way Satellites Hasselquist, Sten; Hayes, Christian R.; Lian, Jianhui The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 923, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac25f9	journal	December 2021
S ⁵ : The Orbital and Chemical Properties of One Dozen Stellar Streams Li, Ting S.; Ji, Alexander P.; Pace, Andrew B. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 928, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac46d3	journal	March 2022
Estimate of the Mass and Radial Profile of the Orphan–Chenab Stream's Dwarf-galaxy Progenitor Using MilkyWay@home Mendelsohn, Eric J.; Newberg, Heidi Jo; Shelton, Siddhartha The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 926, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac498a	journal	February 2022
The Seventeenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: Complete Release of MaNGA, MaStar, and APOGEE-2 Data No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 259, Issue 2, p. 35 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ac4414	journal	March 2022
Measuring 14 Elemental Abundances with R = 1800 LAMOST Spectra Ting, Yuan-Sen; Rix, Hans-Walter; Conroy, Charlie The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 849, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa921c	journal	October 2017
Chemical Abundances of Hydrostatic and Explosive Alpha-elements in Sagittarius Stream Stars Carlin, Jeffrey L.; Sheffield, Allyson A.; Cunha, Katia The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 859, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aac3d8	journal	May 2018
Off the Beaten Path: Gaia Reveals GD-1 Stars outside of the Main Stream Price-Whelan, Adrian M.; Bonaca, Ana The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 863, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aad7b5	journal	August 2018

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