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SNAPSHOT USA 2020: A second coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic

Journal Article · · Ecology
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3775· OSTI ID:2417826
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  1. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (United States); North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC (United States); et al.; OSTI
  2. North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences Raleigh North Carolina USA
  3. Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute Front Royal Virginia USA
  4. Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
  5. Department of Biology Abilene Christian University Abilene Texas USA
  6. Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Wildlife Conservation Douglas Alaska USA
  7. Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA; Field Conservation Research Department Arizona Center for Nature Conservation/Phoenix Zoo Phoenix Arizona USA
  8. McDowell Sonoran Conservancy Scottsdale Arizona USA
  9. Field Conservation Research Department Arizona Center for Nature Conservation/Phoenix Zoo Phoenix Arizona USA
  10. School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
  11. Department of Biology Appalachian State University Boone North Carolina USA
  12. Department of Health and Exercise Science Appalachian State University Boone North Carolina USA
  13. Department of Education &, Conservation Brandywine Zoo‐Delaware State Parks Wilmington Delaware USA
  14. Department of Biological Sciences Bridgewater State University Bridgewater Massachusetts USA
  15. Predator Detection and Deterrence Fresno California USA
  16. Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA
  17. Crocodile Lake National Wildlife Refuge Key Largo Florida USA
  18. DC Cat Count at the Humane Rescue Alliance Washington District of Columbia USA
  19. Biological Sciences Department Dixie State University St. George Utah USA
  20. Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute Texas A&,M University‐Kingsville Kingsville Texas USA
  21. Georgia Department of Natural Resources Wildlife Resources Division Brunswick Georgia USA
  22. Natural Resource Ecology and Management Iowa State University Ames Iowa USA
  23. Cumberland Mountain Research Center Lincoln Memorial University Harrogate Tennessee USA
  24. Mianus River Gorge Bedford New York USA
  25. Craighead Beringia South Kelly Wyoming USA
  26. Department of Biology Missouri State University Springfield Missouri USA
  27. Department of Biology Murray State University Murray Kentucky USA
  28. Noble Research Institute Ardmore Oklahoma USA
  29. Department of Biological Sciences Northern Illinois University DeKalb Illinois USA
  30. Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Science Lab, Department of Biology Northern Michigan University Marqeutte Michigan USA
  31. Department of Biological Sciences and the Advanced Environmental Research Institute University of North Texas Denton Texas USA
  32. Paul Smith's College Paul Smiths New York USA
  33. Department Biology North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
  34. Pepperwood Foundation Santa Rosa California USA
  35. Biology Department Pittsburg State University Pittsburg Kansas USA
  36. Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
  37. Biology Department Randolph‐Macon College Ashland Virginia USA
  38. Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources Rutgers University New Brunswick New Jersey USA
  39. Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences Siena College Loudonville New York USA
  40. Silvio O Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge Brunswick Vermont USA
  41. Independent Researcher Whitefish Montana USA
  42. Department of Geosciences and Natural Resources Western Carolina University Cullowhee North Carolina USA
  43. U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Oklahoma State University Stillwater Oklahoma USA
  44. Department of Biological Sciences Southeastern Louisiana University Hammond Louisiana USA
  45. Biology and Chemistry Department Springfield College Springfield Massachusetts USA
  46. Biology Department and Nature Up North Program St. Lawrence University Canton New York USA
  47. Global Wildlife Conservation Center State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse New York USA
  48. Wildlife Division Michigan Department of Natural Resources Lansing Michigan USA
  49. Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture – Stephen F. Austin State University Nacogdoches Texas USA
  50. Georgia Department of Natural Resources Social Circle Georgia USA
  51. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Paducah Texas USA
  52. Department of Biology Texas State University San Marcos Texas USA
  53. Tufts Center for Conservation Medicine Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University North Grafton Massachusetts USA
  54. School of Life Sciences University of Nevada, Las Vegas Las Vegas Nevada USA
  55. U.S. Geological Survey Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas USA
  56. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut USA
  57. School of Forest, Fisheries, &, Geomatics Sciences University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
  58. Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
  59. Crocodile Lake National Wildlife Refuge Key Largo Florida USA; Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
  60. Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management University of Hawaii at Mānoa Honolulu Hawaii USA
  61. Illinois Natural History Survey University of Illinois Champaign Illinois USA; Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
  62. Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
  63. Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA; Engineer Research and Development Center Champaign Illinois USA
  64. Engineer Research and Development Center Champaign Illinois USA
  65. Environmental Studies Program University of Kansas Lawrence Kansas USA
  66. Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology University of Maine Orono Maine USA
  67. Environmental Studies Gettysburg College Gettysburg Pennsylvania USA
  68. Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians Roseburg Oregon USA
  69. Friends of Cañada de los Osos Ecological Reserve Gilroy California USA
  70. Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, D. B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Aiken South Carolina USA
  71. Biology Department University of North Dakota Grand Forks North Dakota USA
  72. Department of Biology Oberlin College Oberlin Ohio USA
  73. Eberly College of Science, Department of Biology The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA
  74. Fort Hood Natural Resources Management Branch USA Army Garrison Fort Hood Texas USA
  75. Center for Agroforestry University of Missouri Columbia Missouri USA
  76. Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
  77. Huston‐Brumbaugh Nature Center University of Mount Union Alliance Ohio USA
  78. Department of Natural Resources Science University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island USA
  79. Department of Biology University of Richmond Richmond Virginia USA
  80. School of Biological Sciences University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA
  81. School of Biological Sciences University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA; College of Sciences Koç University Rumelifeneri İstanbul Turkey
  82. Sageland Collaborative Salt Lake City Utah USA
  83. Utah's Hogle Zoo Salt Lake City Utah USA
  84. Department of Biology University of West Georgia Carrollton Georgia USA
  85. Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Geography, Geology, and Environmental Science University of Wisconsin‐Whitewater Whitewater Wisconsin USA
  86. Department of Biological Sciences University of Wisconsin‐Whitewater Whitewater Wisconsin USA
  87. Program in Ecology, Department of Zoology and Physiology University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming USA
  88. Department of Biology US Air Force Academy, USAFA Colorado Springs Colorado USA
  89. USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station Portland Oregon USA
  90. Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
  91. Division of Forestry and Natural Resources West Virginia University Morgantown West Virginia USA
  92. Office of Applied Science Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Madison Wisconsin USA
  93. U.S. Forest Service, Chequamegon‐Nicolet National Forest Great Divide Ranger District Hayward Wisconsin USA
  94. Woodland Park Zoo Seattle Washington USA
  95. Department of Biology Seattle University Seattle Washington USA
  96. Panthera New York New York USA
  97. Point No Point Treaty Council Poulsbo Washington USA
  98. Natural Resources Lower Elwha Tribe Port Angeles Washington USA
  99. The Jones Center at Ichauway Newton Georgia USA
+ Show Author Affiliations
Managing wildlife populations in the face of global change requires regular data on the abundance and distribution of wild animals, but acquiring these over appropriate spatial scales in a sustainable way has proven challenging. Here, in this study, we present the data from Snapshot USA 2020, a second annual national mammal survey of the USA. This project involved 152 scientists setting camera traps in a standardized protocol at 1485 locations across 103 arrays in 43 states for a total of 52,710 trap-nights of survey effort. Most (58) of these arrays were also sampled during the same months (September and October) in 2019, providing a direct comparison of animal populations in 2 years that includes data from both during and before the COVID-19 pandemic. All data were managed by the eMammal system, with all species identifications checked by at least two reviewers. In total, we recorded 117,415 detections of 78 species of wild mammals, 9236 detections of at least 43 species of birds, 15,851 detections of six domestic animals and 23,825 detections of humans or their vehicles. Spatial differences across arrays explained more variation in the relative abundance than temporal variation across years for all 38 species modeled, although there are examples of significant site-level differences among years for many species. Temporal results show how species allocate their time and can be used to study species interactions, including between humans and wildlife. These data provide a snapshot of the mammal community of the USA for 2020 and will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, and the impacts of species interactions on daily activity patterns. There are no copyright restrictions, and please cite this paper when using these data, or a subset of these data, for publication.
Research Organization:
Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE; USDOE Office of Environmental Management (EM)
Grant/Contract Number:
EM0004391
OSTI ID:
2417826
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1890572
Journal Information:
Ecology, Journal Name: Ecology Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 103; ISSN 0012-9658
Publisher:
WileyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Biodiversity
Carnivora
Cetartiodactyla
Didelphimorphia
Environmental Sciences & Ecology
Lagomorpha
biogeography
camera traps
mammals
occupancy modeling
species distribution modeling