Reduced graphene oxide catalytically enhances the rate of cyanate ester curing under variable frequency microwave heating

Warner, Matthew; Jeng, Tiffany; Ayar, Sonya; Sekhar, Shraddha; Marin, Delfina; Engler, Anthony; Coverdell, Danielle; Ham, Jackson; Kohl, Paul

doi:10.1002/app.53887

Reduced graphene oxide catalytically enhances the rate of cyanate ester curing under variable frequency microwave heating

Journal Article · Tue Mar 21 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Journal of Applied Polymer Science

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/app.53887· OSTI ID:2417753

Warner, Matthew ^[1]; Jeng, Tiffany ^[2]; Ayar, Sonya ^[2]; Sekhar, Shraddha ^[2]; Marin, Delfina ^[2]; Engler, Anthony ^[2]; Coverdell, Danielle ^[3]; Ham, Jackson ^[3]; ^[2]

Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States); OSTI
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States)
Kansas City National Security Campus (KCNSC), Kansas City, MO (United States)

Here, the curing of Lonza Primaset PT-30 novolac cyanate ester resin and EPON 826 bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether were investigated using convective thermal heating and variable frequency microwave (VFM) heating. The addition of 1 part per hundred reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) to PT-30 novolac cyanate ester increased the VFM cure rate compared to thermal heating. Curing it at 160°C for 240 min with VFM heating resulted in a 55% degree of cure compared to a 26% degree of cure with thermal heating. This observed VFM rate enhancement is due to selective microwave heating of the r-GO particles in the resin resulting in increased r-GO catalytic activity toward cyanate ester curing. It is both a thermal and catalytic effect, the latter of which is absent when r-GO is added to a bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether resin with o-phenylenediamine hardener. Impurities present in the PT-30 matrix do not appear to contribute to its overall cure kinetics, nor do they participate in the observed VFM rate enhancement.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: US Department of the Navy, Washington, DC (United States); Ames Laboratory (AMES), Ames, IA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233121SNA000283; 89233122CNA000283

OSTI ID:: 2417753

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1971255

Journal Information:: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Journal Name: Journal of Applied Polymer Science Journal Issue: 21 Vol. 140; ISSN 0021-8995

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
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catalyst
curing
cyanate ester
epoxy
graphene oxide
microwave
thermoset
variable frequency microwave

Reduced graphene oxide catalytically enhances the rate of cyanate ester curing under variable frequency microwave heating

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