Unlocking saponin biosynthesis in soapwort

Jo, Seohyun; El-Demerdash, Amr; Owen, Charlotte; Srivastava, Vikas; Wu, Dewei; Kikuchi, Shingo; Reed, James; Hodgson, Hannah; Harkess, Alex; Shu, Shengqiang; Plott, Chris; Jenkins, Jerry; Williams, Melissa; Boston, Lori-Beth; Lacchini, Elia; Qu, Tongtong; Goossens, Alain; Grimwood, Jane; Schmutz, Jeremy; Leebens-Mack, Jim; Osbourn, Anne

doi:10.1038/s41589-024-01681-7

Unlocking saponin biosynthesis in soapwort

Journal Article · Tue Jul 23 00:00:00 EDT 2024 · Nature Chemical Biology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-024-01681-7· OSTI ID:2406092

; ; ; ; Wu, Dewei; ; ; ; Harkess, Alex; Shu, Shengqiang; ; ; Williams, Melissa; Boston, Lori-Beth; Lacchini, Elia; Qu, Tongtong; Goossens, Alain; ; Schmutz, Jeremy; more »

Abstract

Soapwort ( Saponaria officinalis ) is a flowering plant from the Caryophyllaceae family with a long history of human use as a traditional source of soap. Its detergent properties are because of the production of polar compounds (saponins), of which the oleanane-based triterpenoid saponins, saponariosides A and B, are the major components. Soapwort saponins have anticancer properties and are also of interest as endosomal escape enhancers for targeted tumor therapies. Intriguingly, these saponins share common structural features with the vaccine adjuvant QS-21 and, thus, represent a potential alternative supply of saponin adjuvant precursors. Here, we sequence the S . officinalis genome and, through genome mining and combinatorial expression, identify 14 enzymes that complete the biosynthetic pathway to saponarioside B. These enzymes include a noncanonical cytosolic GH1 (glycoside hydrolase family 1) transglycosidase required for the addition of d- quinovose. Our results open avenues for accessing and engineering natural and new-to-nature pharmaceuticals, drug delivery agents and potential immunostimulants.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 2406092

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2440642

Journal Information:: Nature Chemical Biology, Journal Name: Nature Chemical Biology Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 21; ISSN 1552-4450

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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