Flax–Reinforced Vitrimer Epoxy Composites Produced via RTM

Martinez, Patricio; Nutt, Steven

doi:10.3390/jcs8070275

Flax–Reinforced Vitrimer Epoxy Composites Produced via RTM

Journal Article · Tue Jul 16 00:00:00 EDT 2024 · Journal of Composites Science

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8070275· OSTI ID:2403607

;

Composite laminates were produced by RTM using similar glass and flax fabrics and both vitrimer epoxy and aerospace-grade epoxy, both formulated for liquid molding. Tensile and flexural properties were measured and compared, revealing that the vitrimer composites exhibited equivalent performance in flexural strength and tensile modulus, but slightly lower performance in tensile strength relative to reference epoxy composites. In general, glass–fiber composites outperformed flax–fiber composites in tension. However, both glass and flax–fiber composites yielded roughly equivalent flexural strength and tensile modulus-to-weight ratios. Flax fabrics were recovered from composites by matrix dissolution, and a second-life laminate showed full retention of the mechanical properties relative to those produced from fresh flax. Finally, a demonstration of re-forming was undertaken, showing that simple press-forming can be used to modify the composite shape. However, re-forming to a flat configuration resulted in local fiber damage and a decrease in mechanical properties. An alternative forming method was demonstrated that resulted in less fiber damage, indicating that further refinements might lead to a viable forming and re-forming process.

View Journal Article

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0022864

OSTI ID:: 2403607

Journal Information:: Journal of Composites Science, Journal Name: Journal of Composites Science Journal Issue: 7 Vol. 8; ISSN JCSOGF; ISSN 2504-477X

Publisher:: MDPI AGCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Switzerland

Language:: English

References (18)

Natural fiber polymer composites: A review Saheb, D. Nabi; Jog, J. P. Advances in Polymer Technology, Vol. 18, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2329(199924)18:4<351::AID-ADV6>3.0.CO;2-X	journal	January 1999
Heat- or Water-Driven Malleability in a Highly Recyclable Covalent Network Polymer Taynton, Philip; Yu, Kai; Shoemaker, Richard K. Advanced Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201400317	journal	March 2014
Repairable Woven Carbon Fiber Composites with Full Recyclability Enabled by Malleable Polyimine Networks Taynton, Philip; Ni, Huagang; Zhu, Chengpu Advanced Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201505245	journal	February 2016
Selection of composite materials and manufacturing routes for cost-effective performance Bader, Michael G. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol. 33, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-835X(02)00044-1	journal	July 2002
Recycling of composite materials Yang, Yongxiang; Boom, Rob; Irion, Brijan Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, Vol. 51 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2011.09.007	journal	January 2012
Critical review of recent publications on use of natural composites in infrastructure Dittenber, David B.; GangaRao, Hota V. S. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol. 43, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.11.019	journal	August 2012
Eliminating volatile-induced surface porosity during resin transfer molding of a benzoxazine/epoxy blend Anders, M.; Lo, J.; Centea, T. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol. 84 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.02.024	journal	May 2016
An assessment of financial viability of recycled carbon fibre in automotive applications Meng, Fanran; McKechnie, Jon; Pickering, Steve J. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol. 109 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2018.03.011	journal	June 2018
Flax fibre and its composites – A review Yan, Libo; Chouw, Nawawi; Jayaraman, Krishnan Composites Part B: Engineering, Vol. 56 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.08.014	journal	January 2014
Comparative life cycle assessment of low-pressure RTM, compression RTM and high-pressure RTM manufacturing processes to produce CFRP car hoods Vita, Alessio; Castorani, Vincenzo; Germani, Michele Procedia CIRP, Vol. 80 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2019.01.109	journal	January 2019
Anticipating in-use stocks of carbon fibre reinforced polymers and related waste generated by the wind power sector until 2050 Lefeuvre, Anaële; Garnier, Sébastien; Jacquemin, Leslie Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 141 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.10.008	journal	February 2019
Environmental Aspects of Use of Recycled Carbon Fiber Composites in Automotive Applications Meng, Fanran; McKechnie, Jon; Turner, Thomas Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 51, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b04069	journal	October 2017
A structural chemistry look at composites recycling Navarro, Carlos A.; Giffin, Cassondra R.; Zhang, Boyang Materials Horizons, Vol. 7, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1039/D0MH01085E	journal	January 2020
A rapid electrochemical method to recycle carbon fiber composites using methyl radicals Yu, Zehan; Lim, Y. Justin; Williams, Travis Green Chemistry, Vol. 25, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC01765F	journal	January 2023
Recent Progress in Fabrication, Structure, and Properties of Carbon Fibers Liu, Yaodong; Kumar, Satish Polymer Reviews, Vol. 52, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2012.705410	journal	July 2012
A Review on the Potential and Limitations of Recyclable Thermosets for Structural Applications Post, Wouter; Susa, Arijana; Blaauw, Rolf Polymer Reviews, Vol. 60, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2019.1673406	journal	October 2019
Recent developments in the processing of waste carbon fibre for thermoplastic composites – A review Khurshid, Muhammad Furqan; Hengstermann, Martin; Hasan, Mir Mohammad Badrul Journal of Composite Materials, Vol. 54, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998319886043	journal	November 2019
A Review on Recycling of Carbon Fibres: Methods to Reinforce and Expected Fibre Composite Degradations Isa, Amiruddin; Nosbi, Norlin; Che Ismail, Mokhtar Materials, Vol. 15, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15144991	journal	July 2022

Similar Records

Carbon fiber/epoxy vitrimer composite patch cured with bio‐based curing agents for one‐step repair metallic sheet and its recyclability

Journal Article · Sun Jul 18 20:00:00 EDT 2021 · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · OSTI ID:1808632

VitriEdge: Repairable & Durable Vitrimer Coatings for Wind Turbine Blade Leading Edges

Technical Report · Fri Oct 31 20:00:00 EDT 2025 · OSTI ID:3004274

Static and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Graphene Oxide-Incorporated Woven Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Composite

Journal Article · Thu Mar 15 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance · OSTI ID:22858036

Flax–Reinforced Vitrimer Epoxy Composites Produced via RTM

Citation Formats

References (18)

Similar Records

Related Subjects