A Cryogenic readout integrated circuit with analog pile-up and in-Pixel ADC for high frame rate Skipper CCD-in-CMOS Sensors
- Fermilab
The Skipper CCD-in-CMOS Parallel Read-Out Circuit V2 (SPROCKET2) is designed to enable high frame rate readout of Skipper CCD-in-CMOS image sensors. The SPROCKET2 pixel is fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS process and occupies a 60$$\mu$$m $$\times$$ 60$$\mu$$m footprint. SPROCKET2 is intended to be heterogeneously integrated with a pixelated Skipper CCD-in-CMOS sensor, such that one readout pixel is connected to a multiplexed array of 16 active image sensor pixels, to match their spatial geometry. Our design benefits from the Skipper CCD-in-CMOS sensor's non-destructive readout capability to achieve exceptionally low noise through multi-sampling and averaging while optimizing for total power consumption. The pixel readout utilizes correlated double sampling to minimize 1/f noise and includes "pile-up" of ten successive samples in the analog domain before digitizing at a rate of 66.7 ksps. Measurement results of in-pixel serial SAR ADC show DNL and INL of ~0. 44 LSB and 0.58 LBS respectively. A large area array of 20,000 SPROCKET2 ADC pixels (multiplexed 1:16 to 320,000 sensor pixels) is currently under test. By reading out data over a 10 Gbps optical link, this pixel design enables a frame rate of $$\sim$$ 4 kfps for large sensing areas with minimal sensing deadtime. In the highest gain mode, the pixelated ADC has an input-referred resolution of 10$$\mu$$V with a simulated power consumption of 50$$\mu$$W. The pixel operates with constant current draw to minimize power-rail crosstalk.
- Research Organization:
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- US Department of Energy
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC02-07CH11359; 89243024CSC000002
- OSTI ID:
- 2376966
- Report Number(s):
- FERMILAB-CONF-24-0220-ETD; oai:inspirehep.net:2801358; arXiv:2406.15207
- Journal Information:
- No journal information, Journal Name: No journal information
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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