Comparison of Cu, Ti and Ta interlayer explosively fabricated aluminum to stainless steel transition joints for cryogenic pressurized hydrogen storage

Aceves, Salvador M.; Espinosa-Loza, Francisco; Elmer, John W.; Huber, Robert

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.11.038

Comparison of Cu, Ti and Ta interlayer explosively fabricated aluminum to stainless steel transition joints for cryogenic pressurized hydrogen storage

Journal Article · Thu Dec 11 00:00:00 EST 2014 · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.11.038· OSTI ID:2372808

Aceves, Salvador M. ^[1]; Espinosa-Loza, Francisco ^[1]; Elmer, John W. ^[1]; Huber, Robert ^[1]

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Fabrication of a bimetallic joint to facilitate a material transition from a 6061-T651 aluminum pressure vessel liner to stainless steel tubing in cryogenic pressure vessels is explored using three different dissimilar metal interlayers with an explosive welding (EXW) process. Due to difficulties in directly EXW joining aluminum (Al) 6061 to 304 stainless steel, interlayers are used to prevent interaction of the aluminum and stainless steel, thus minimizing brittle intermetallic phase formation. Titanium (Ti), copper (Cu), and tantalum (Ta) were selected as the dissimilar metal interlayer materials; each having advantages and disadvantages. Further, titanium is a commonly used interlayer for this joint, but can microcrack during EXW if the bonding parameters are not correct. Copper has the advantage that it is compatible with hydrogen, but is also known to form brittle intermetallics with aluminum. Tantalum is ductile and bonds well to both Al and stainless steel, and is a high temperature metal that does well to prevent interdiffusion and intermetallic phase formation. However Ta is the most expensive metal of the three. Results of the characterization of the three interlayer bonds showed that Ti produced the highest strength joints, Ta produced the most ductile joints, and Cu produced a joint that failed with low ductility at the Al/Cu interface. Based on these results, the Cu-interlayer joint is not recommended for this application, while the Ti and Ta interlayer bonds both appear to have sufficient strength and ductility for the intended use.

Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Fuel Cell Technologies Office

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 2372808

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1254769

Report Number(s):: LLNL--JRNL-660155; 781333

Journal Information:: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Journal Name: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 40; ISSN 0360-3199

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (8)

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08 HYDROGEN
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
Cryogenic hydrogen storage
Dissimilar metal welding
Explosive welding
Transition joints

Comparison of Cu, Ti and Ta interlayer explosively fabricated aluminum to stainless steel transition joints for cryogenic pressurized hydrogen storage

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