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Laser-driven ion and electron acceleration from near-critical density gas targets: Towards high-repetition rate operation in the 1 PW, sub-100 fs laser interaction regime

Journal Article · · Physical Review Research
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Ion acceleration from gaseous targets driven by relativistic-intensity lasers was demonstrated as early as the late 1990s, yet most of the experiments conducted to date have involved picosecond-duration, Nd:glass lasers operating at low repetition rate. Here, we present measurements on the interaction of ultraintense ( 10 20 W cm 2 ,   1   PW ) , ultrashort ( 70 fs ) Ti:Sa laser pulses with near-critical ( 10 20 cm 3 ) helium gas jets, a debris-free targetry with the potential for future compatibility with high ( 1   Hz ) repetition rate operation. We provide evidence of α particles being forward accelerated up to 2.7 MeV energy with a total flux of 10 11 sr 1 as integrated over > 0.1 MeV energies and detected within a 0.5 mrad solid angle. We also report on on-axis emission of relativistic electrons with an exponentially decaying spectrum characterized by a 10 MeV slope, i.e., five times larger than the standard ponderomotive scaling. The total charge of these electrons with energy above 2 MeV is estimated to be of 1 nC , corresponding to 0.1 % of the laser drive energy. In addition, we observe the formation of a plasma channel, extending longitudinally across the gas density maximum and expanding radially with time. These results are well captured by large-scale particle-in-cell simulations, which reveal that the detected fast ions most likely originate from reflection off the rapidly expanding channel walls. The latter process is predicted to yield ion energies in the MeV range, which compare well with the measurements. Finally, direct laser acceleration is shown to be the dominant mechanism behind the observed electron energization.

Published by the American Physical Society 2024
Research Organization:
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
European Union Horizon 2020; French National Research Agency (ANR); Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation; USDOE; USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-09CH11466
OSTI ID:
2371730
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 2403057
Journal Information:
Physical Review Research, Journal Name: Physical Review Research Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 6; ISSN PPRHAI; ISSN 2643-1564
Publisher:
American Physical SocietyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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