Tokamak Plasmas with Density up to 10 Times the Greenwald Limit

Hurst, N. C.; Chapman, B. E.; Sarff, J. S.; Almagri, A. F.; McCollam, K. J.; Den Hartog, D. J.; Flahavan, J. B.; Forest, C. B.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.055101

Tokamak Plasmas with Density up to 10 Times the Greenwald Limit

Journal Article · Mon Jul 29 00:00:00 EDT 2024 · Physical Review Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.055101· OSTI ID:2370426

^[1]; ^[1]; ^[1]; ^[1]; ^[1]; ^[1]; ^[1]; Forest, C. B. ^[1]

Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)

Current-carrying, toroidal laboratory plasmas typically cannot be sustained with an electron density above the empirical Greenwald limit. Presented here are tokamak experiments in the Madison Symmetric Torus with a density up to an unprecedented level about ten times this limit. This is thought to be made possible in part by a thick, stabilizing, conductive wall, and a high-voltage, feedback-controlled power supply driving the plasma current. The radial profile of the toroidal current flattens around twice the limit, without the edge collapse routinely observed in other experiments.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES); National Science Foundation

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0020245; SC0020245; SC0018266

OSTI ID:: 2370426

Journal Information:: Physical Review Letters, Journal Name: Physical Review Letters Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 133; ISSN 1079-7114; ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (29)

Steady-state radiative cooling rates for low-density, high-temperature plasmas Post, D. E.; Jensen, R. V.; Tarter, C. B. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, Vol. 20, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-640X(77)90026-2	journal	November 1977
Density limit studies on DIII-D Maingi, R.; Mahdavi, M. A.; Petrie, T. W. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 266-269 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00592-3	journal	March 1999
Plasma Physics and Fusion Energy Freidberg, Jeffrey P. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511755705	book	January 2007
Overview of the SPARC tokamak Creely, A. J.; Greenwald, M. J.; Ballinger, S. B. Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 86, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022377820001257	journal	September 2020
Thermal island destabilization and the Greenwald limit White, R. B.; Gates, D. A.; Brennan, D. P. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4913433	journal	February 2015
An upgraded interferometer-polarimeter system for broadband fluctuation measurements Parke, E.; Ding, W. X.; Duff, J. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 87, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4960731	journal	August 2016
Self-organized magnetic equilibria in tokamak plasmas with very low edge safety factor Hurst, N. C.; Chapman, B. E.; Almagri, A. F. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 29, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0101880	journal	August 2022
Some observations on maximum densities in tokamak experiments Murakami, M.; Callen, J. D.; Berry, L. A. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 16, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/16/2/020	journal	April 1976
Radiation limits to tokamak operation Gibson, A. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 16, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/16/3/025	journal	July 1976
Total impurity radiation power losses from steady-state tokamak plasmas Roberts, D. E. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 21, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/21/2/010	journal	January 1981
Transport in tokamaks – a review of experiment Hugill, J. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 23, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/23/3/006	journal	March 1983
A new look at density limits in tokamaks Greenwald, M.; Terry, J. L.; Wolfe, S. M. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 28, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/28/12/009	journal	December 1988
Disruptions in JET Wesson, J. A.; Gill, R. D.; Hugon, M. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 29, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/29/4/009	journal	April 1989
Chapter 1: Overview and summary Shimada, M.; Campbell, D. J.; Mukhovatov, V. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 47, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/47/6/S01	journal	June 2007
A predictive model for the tokamak density limit Teng, Q.; Brennan, D. P.; Delgado-Aparicio, L. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 56, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/56/10/106001	journal	July 2016
On the density limit in tokamaks Connor, J. W.; You, S. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 44, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/44/1/310	journal	December 2001
Radiation power profiles and density limit with a divertor in the W7-AS stellarator Giannone, L.; Burhenn, R.; McCormick, K. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 44, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/44/10/306	journal	September 2002
Density limits in toroidal plasmas Greenwald, Martin Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 44, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/44/8/201	journal	July 2002
Investigation on the relation between edge radial electric field asymmetries in RFX-mod and density limit Spizzo, Gianluca; Scarin, Paolo; Agostini, Matteo Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 52, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/52/9/095011	journal	August 2010
The H-mode density limit in the full tungsten ASDEX Upgrade tokamak Bernert, M.; Eich, T.; Kallenbach, A. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/57/1/014038	journal	November 2014
MST resistive wall tearing mode simulations Strauss, H. R.; Chapman, B. E.; Hurst, N. C. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 65, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/acdff8	journal	June 2023
Bounds on edge shear layer persistence while approaching the density limit Singh, Rameswar; Diamond, P. H. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/abfadb	journal	June 2021
The separatrix operational space of ASDEX Upgrade due to interchange-drift-Alfvén turbulence Eich, T.; Manz, P. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 8, p. 086017 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac0412	journal	July 2021
Core radiative collapse characterisation and integrated modelling in WEST plasmas Ostuni, V.; Morales, J.; Artaud, J. -F. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 62, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac8cd6	journal	September 2022
The power dependence of the maximum achievable H-mode and (disruptive) L-mode separatrix density in ASDEX Upgrade Manz, P.; Eich, T.; Grover, O. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 63, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/acd9db	journal	June 2023
Origin of Tokamak Density Limit Scalings Gates, D. A.; Delgado-Aparicio, L. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.165004	journal	April 2012
First-Principles Density Limit Scaling in Tokamaks Based on Edge Turbulent Transport and Implications for ITER Giacomin, M.; Pau, A.; Ricci, P. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 128, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.185003	journal	May 2022
Phase Space of Tokamak Edge Turbulence, the L − H Transition, and the Formation of the Edge Pedestal Rogers, B. N.; Drake, J. F.; Zeiler, A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 81, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.4396	journal	November 1998
The Madison Symmetric Torus Dexter, R. N.; Kerst, D. W.; Lovell, T. W. Fusion Technology, Vol. 19, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.13182/FST91-A29322	journal	January 1991

Similar Records

Density limits as disruption forecasters for spherical tokamaks

Journal Article · Fri Jul 21 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion · OSTI ID:1992108

Transport simulations of a density limit in radiation-dominated tokamak discharges: profile effects

Journal Article · Wed Nov 30 23:00:00 EST 1988 · Phys. Fluids; (United States) · OSTI ID:6689489

Transport simulations of a density limit in radiation-dominated tokamak discharges: Profile effects

Technical Report · Wed Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 1988 · OSTI ID:7020645

Related Subjects

Magnetic confinement fusion
Plasma fusion
Plasma stability
Tokamaks

Tokamak Plasmas with Density up to 10 Times the Greenwald Limit

Citation Formats

References (29)

Similar Records

Related Subjects