Bridging 20&nbsp;Years of Soil Organic Matter Frameworks: Empirical Support, Model Representation, and Next Steps

Rocci, Katherine S.; Cotrufo, M. Francesca; Ernakovich, Jessica; Foster, Erika; Frey, Serita; Georgiou, Katerina; Grandy, A. Stuart; Malhotra, Avni; Reich, Peter B.; Schlerman, Else P.; Wieder, William R.

doi:10.1029/2023JG007964

Bridging 20 Years of Soil Organic Matter Frameworks: Empirical Support, Model Representation, and Next Steps

Journal Article · Mon Jun 03 00:00:00 EDT 2024 · Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JG007964· OSTI ID:2369834

^[1]; ^[2]; Ernakovich, Jessica ^[3]; Foster, Erika ^[4]; Frey, Serita ^[3]; Georgiou, Katerina ^[5]; Grandy, A. Stuart ^[3]; Malhotra, Avni ^[6]; Reich, Peter B. ^[7]; Schlerman, Else P. ^[3]; ^[8]

Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research University of Colorado Boulder CO USA, Institute for Global Change Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
Department of Soil and Crop Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
Department of Natural Resources and the Environment Center of Soil Biogeochemistry and Microbial Ecology University of New Hampshire Durham NH USA
Point Blue Conservation Science Petaluma CA USA
Physical and Life Sciences Directorate Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore CA USA
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA USA
Institute for Global Change Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA, Department of Forest Resources University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research University of Colorado Boulder CO USA, Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA

Abstract

In the past few decades, there has been an evolution in our understanding of soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics from one of inherent biochemical recalcitrance to one deriving from plant‐microbe‐mineral interactions. This shift in understanding has been driven, in part, by influential conceptual frameworks which put forth hypotheses about SOM dynamics. Here, we summarize several focal conceptual frameworks and derive from them six controls related to SOM formation, (de)stabilization, and loss. These include: (a) physical inaccessibility; (b) organo‐mineral and ‐metal stabilization; (c) biodegradability of plant inputs; (d) abiotic environmental factors; (e) biochemical reactivity and diversity; and (f) microbial physiology and morphology. We then review the empirical evidence for these controls, their model representation, and outstanding knowledge gaps. We find relatively strong empirical support and model representation of abiotic environmental factors but disparities between data and models for biochemical reactivity and diversity, organo‐mineral and ‐metal stabilization, and biodegradability of plant inputs, particularly with respect to SOM destabilization for the latter two controls. More empirical research on physical inaccessibility and microbial physiology and morphology is needed to deepen our understanding of these critical SOM controls and improve their model representation. The SOM controls are highly interactive and also present some inconsistencies which may be reconciled by considering methodological limitations or temporal and spatial variation. Future conceptual frameworks must simultaneously refine our understanding of these six SOM controls at various spatial and temporal scales and within a hierarchical structure, while incorporating emerging insights. This will advance our ability to accurately predict SOM dynamics.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830; AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 2369834

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2375436
OSTI ID: 2377815
OSTI ID: 2473222

Report Number(s):: LLNL--JRNL-860406; PNNL-SA--197255; e2023JG007964

Journal Information:: Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences, Journal Name: Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 129; ISSN 2169-8953

Publisher:: American Geophysical Union (AGU)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Trait-Based Representation of Biological Nitrification: Model Development, Testing, and Predicted Community Composition Bouskill, Nicholas J.; Tang, Jinyun; Riley, William J. Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 3 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2012.00364	journal	January 2012
Modeling adaptation of carbon use efficiency in microbial communities Allison, Steven D. Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 5 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00571	journal	October 2014
Is There Anybody Out There? Substrate Availability Controls Microbial Activity outside of Hotspots in Subsoils Heitkötter, Julian; Marschner, Bernd Soil Systems, Vol. 2, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems2020035	journal	June 2018
Sorptive fractionation of dissolved organic nitrogen and amino acids onto fine sediments within the Amazon Basin Aufdenkampe, Anthony K.; Hedges, John I.; Richey, Jeffery E. Limnology and Oceanography, Vol. 46, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2001.46.8.1921	journal	November 2001
A new model of Holocene peatland net primary production, decomposition, water balance, and peat accumulation Frolking, S.; Roulet, N. T.; Tuittila, E. Earth System Dynamics, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/esd‐1‐1‐2010	journal	January 2010

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54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
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Bridging 20 Years of Soil Organic Matter Frameworks: Empirical Support, Model Representation, and Next Steps

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