A systematic multicriteria-based approach to support product portfolio selection in microalgae biorefineries

Klein, Bruno C.; Chagas, Mateus F.; Davis, Ryan E.; Watanabe, Marcos D.B.; Wiatrowski, Matthew R.; de Morais, Edvaldo R.; Laurens, Lieve M.L.

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2023.148462

A systematic multicriteria-based approach to support product portfolio selection in microalgae biorefineries

Journal Article · Sat Dec 30 00:00:00 EST 2023 · Chemical Engineering Journal

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.148462· OSTI ID:2280793

^[1]; ^[2]; ^[1]; Watanabe, Marcos D.B. ^[3]; ^[1]; de Morais, Edvaldo R. ^[2]; ^[1]

National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States). Catalytic Carbon Transformation and Scale-Up Center
Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Sao Paulo (Brazil)
Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim (Norway)

Here this work proposes and applies a sequential approach of objective methods to aid the decision-making process for the deployment of microalgae biorefineries. The strategy combines Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and weight assignment methods to simultaneously consider technical, economic, and environmental criteria to (1) outrank the best bioproduct options from different biomass fractions present in microalgae biomass at different ratios (namely carbohydrates, lipids, and protein) and (2) define the most suitable biorefining pathways associated with specific pairings of microalgae strains and cultivation conditions. The first part of the assessment identified succinic acid, acrylic acid, and citric acid as the top-ranked bioproducts from carbohydrates, polyurethane from lipids, and thermoplastic extrusion co-feed from protein. The second step of the analysis determined that, when production of a hydrocarbon fuel is desired, the compositional profile of a strain is paramount in defining the biorefining setup that should be pursued. In summary, microalgae lipids should be sent to the production of hydrocarbon fuels if the ratio between neutral lipids and fermentable carbohydrates is higher than roughly 1, with carbohydrates and protein being converted to the higher-value products noted above. Finally, this result was corroborated through process simulations, which indicated superior economic and environmental metrics when strains are paired with suitable conversion pathways identified through MCDA based on their compositional profiles. The outcomes of this work provide clear, objective, guidelines for establishing the best biorefining approach for a large suite of biochemical compositions as a screening method prior to employing detailed process simulations alongside rigorous techno-economic and life-cycle assessments.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Office of Sustainable Transportation. Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 2280793

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2369671

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5100-87779; MainId:88554; UUID:c533fddd-ef14-4d95-b179-eaab0a7ad73a; MainAdminId:71460

Journal Information:: Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Name: Chemical Engineering Journal Vol. 481; ISSN 1385-8947

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (74)

Succinic acid production derived from carbohydrates: An energy and greenhouse gas assessment of a platform chemical toward a bio-based economy Cok, Benjamin; Tsiropoulos, Ioannis; Roes, Alexander L. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1427	journal	August 2013
Techno‐economic assessment of biorefinery technologies for aviation biofuels supply chains in Brazil Alves, Catarina M.; Valk, Misha; de Jong, Sierk Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1711	journal	September 2016
Optimization of integrated microalgal biorefinery producing fuel and value‐added products Gupta, Soumyajit Sen; Shastri, Yogendra; Bhartiya, Sharad Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, Vol. 11, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1805	journal	September 2017
Process development and techno‐economic analysis of bio‐based succinic acid derived from pentoses integrated to a sugarcane biorefinery Klein, Bruno C.; Silva, Jean F. L.; Junqueira, Tassia L. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, Vol. 11, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1813	journal	September 2017
Bio‐based succinic acid: an overview of strain development, substrate utilization, and downstream purification Dai, Zhongxue; Guo, Feng; Zhang, Shangjie Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, Vol. 14, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.2063	journal	November 2019
Biorefinery of microalgae - opportunities and constraints for different production scenarios Hariskos, Ioanna; Posten, Clemens Biotechnology Journal, Vol. 9, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/biot.201300142	journal	May 2014
Feasibility of acrylic acid production by fermentation Straathof, Adrie J. J.; Sie, Susana; Franco, Telma T. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol. 67, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-005-1942-1	journal	February 2005
The potential learning effect of a MCDA approach on consumer preferences for alternative fuel vehicles Oliveira, Gabriela D.; Dias, Luis C. Annals of Operations Research, Vol. 293, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-020-03584-x	journal	April 2020
Recent progress on bio-succinic acid production from lignocellulosic biomass Lu, Jiasheng; Li, Jiawen; Gao, Hao World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol. 37, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-020-02979-z	journal	January 2021
Selection of microalgae species based on their lipid content, fatty acid profile and apparent fuel properties for biodiesel production Deshmukh, Suchit; Bala, Kiran; Kumar, Ritunesh Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 26, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05692-z	journal	June 2019
The geometric consistency index: Approximated thresholds Aguarón, Juan; Moreno-Jiménez, José Marı́a European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 147, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(02)00255-2	journal	May 2003
PROMETHEE and AHP: The design of operational synergies in multicriteria analysis. Macharis, Cathy; Springael, Johan; De Brucker, Klaas European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 153, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(03)00153-X	journal	March 2004
A note on AHP group consistency for the row geometric mean priorization procedure Escobar, M. T.; Aguarón, J.; Moreno-Jiménez, J. M. European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 153, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(03)00154-1	journal	March 2004
A perspective on renewable bioenergy from photosynthetic algae as feedstock for biofuels and bioproducts Laurens, Lieve M. L.; Chen-Glasser, Melodie; McMillan, James D. Algal Research, Vol. 24 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2017.04.002	journal	June 2017
Capitalizing on harmful algal blooms: From problems to products Corcoran, Alina A.; Hunt, Ryan W. Algal Research, Vol. 55 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2021.102265	journal	May 2021
DISCOVR strain screening pipeline – Part III: Strain evaluation in outdoor raceway ponds Gao, Song; Edmundson, Scott; Huesemann, Michael Algal Research, Vol. 70 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2023.102990	journal	March 2023
DISCOVR strain pipeline screening – Part I: Maximum specific growth rate as a function of temperature and salinity for 38 candidate microalgae for biofuels production Huesemann, Michael; Edmundson, Scott; Gao, Song Algal Research, Vol. 71 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2023.102996	journal	April 2023
Quantifying the intrinsic value of algal biomass based on a multi-product biorefining strategy Klein, Bruno C.; Davis, Ryan E.; Laurens, Lieve M. L. Algal Research, Vol. 72 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2023.103094	journal	May 2023
Optimal design of microalgae-based biorefinery: Economics, opportunities and challenges Rizwan, Muhammad; Lee, Jay H.; Gani, Rafiqul Applied Energy, Vol. 150 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.04.018	journal	July 2015
Microalgae – A green multi-product biorefinery for future industrial prospects Bhattacharya, Munna; Goswami, Saswata Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, Vol. 25 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101580	journal	May 2020
Biomass and lipid production potential of cyanobacteria and microalgae isolated from the diverse habitats of Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India Singh, Preeti; Kumar, Dhananjay Biomass and Bioenergy, Vol. 162 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2022.106469	journal	July 2022
Economic and environmental assessment of propionic acid production by fermentation using different renewable raw materials Tufvesson, Pär; Ekman, Anna; Sardari, Roya R. R. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 149 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.09.049	journal	December 2013
Economic and life-cycle greenhouse gas optimization of microalgae-to-biofuels chains Wu, Wei; Lin, Keng-Hsien; Chang, Jo-Shu Bioresource Technology, Vol. 267 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.083	journal	November 2018
Selection of microalgae strains for sustainable production of aviation biofuel Mofijur, M.; Ashrafur Rahman, S. M.; Nguyen, Luong N. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 345 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126408	journal	February 2022
Recent advances in microbial CO2 fixation and conversion to value-added products Salehizadeh, Hossein; Yan, Ning; Farnood, Ramin Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 390 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.124584	journal	June 2020
Emergent green technologies for cost-effective valorization of microalgal biomass to renewable fuel products under a biorefinery scheme Wicker, Rebecca J.; Kumar, Gopalakrishnan; Khan, Eakalak Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 415 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.128932	journal	July 2021
Valorization of micro-algae biomass for the development of green biorefinery: Perspectives on techno-economic analysis and the way towards sustainability Saravanan, A.; Senthil Kumar, P.; Badawi, Michael Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 453 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.139754	journal	February 2023
Comprehensive insights into conversion of microalgae to feed, food, and biofuels: Current status and key challenges towards implementation of sustainable biorefineries Almomani, Fares; Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha, Homa; Aghbashlo, Mortaza Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 455 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.140588	journal	January 2023
Advancement of green technologies: A comprehensive review on the potential application of microalgae biomass Yap, Jiunn Kwok; Sankaran, Revathy; Chew, Kit Wayne Chemosphere, Vol. 281 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130886	journal	October 2021
Multi-objective superstructure optimization of a microalgae biorefinery considering economic and environmental aspects Haghpanah, Tahereh; Sobati, Mohammad Amin; Pishvaee, Mir Saman Computers & Chemical Engineering, Vol. 164 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2022.107894	journal	August 2022
Consensus models for AHP group decision making under row geometric mean prioritization method Dong, Yucheng; Zhang, Guiqing; Hong, Wei-Chiang Decision Support Systems, Vol. 49, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2010.03.003	journal	June 2010
Performance Evaluation of Alternative Jet Fuels using a hybrid MCDA method Xu, Bing; Kolosz, Ben W.; Andresen, John M. Energy Procedia, Vol. 158 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.01.275	journal	February 2019
PROMETHEE: A comprehensive literature review on methodologies and applications Behzadian, Majid; Kazemzadeh, R. B.; Albadvi, A. European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 200, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2009.01.021	journal	January 2010
On the effect of subjective, objective and combinative weighting in multiple criteria decision making: A case study on impact optimization of composites Alemi-Ardakani, Mohammad; Milani, Abbas S.; Yannacopoulos, Spiro Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 46 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2015.11.003	journal	March 2016
Towards the development of efficient, economic and environmentally friendly downstream processing for bio-based succinic acid Dessie, Wubliker; Luo, Xiaofang; Duns, Gregory J. Environmental Technology & Innovation, Vol. 32 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2023.103243	journal	November 2023
Biodiesel from microalgae: The use of multi-criteria decision analysis for strain selection Nwokoagbara, Ezinne; Olaleye, Akeem K.; Wang, Meihong Fuel, Vol. 159 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.06.074	journal	November 2015
Multi-criteria decision-making in the selection of a suitable biomass material for maximum bio-oil yield during pyrolysis Madhu, P.; Sowmya Dhanalakshmi, C.; Mathew, Manoj Fuel, Vol. 277 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118109	journal	October 2020
Environmental analysis of plastic production processes: Comparing petroleum-based polypropylene and polyethylene with biologically-based poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid using life cycle analysis Harding, K.; Dennis, J.; Vonblottnitz, H. Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 130, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.02.012	journal	May 2007
Comparison of advanced fuels—Which technology can win from the life cycle perspective? Rosenfeld, Daniel C.; Lindorfer, Johannes; Fazeni-Fraisl, Karin Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 238 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117879	journal	November 2019
Techno-economic analysis and environmental impact assessment of citric acid production through different recovery methods Wang, Junqi; Cui, Zhifang; Li, Yangyang Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 249 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119315	journal	March 2020
Life Cycle Assessment of vegetable oil based polyols for polyurethane production Fridrihsone, Anda; Romagnoli, Francesco; Kirsanovs, Vladimirs Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 266 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121403	journal	September 2020
Promising advancement in fermentative succinic acid production by yeast hosts Li, Chong; Ong, Khai Lun; Cui, Zhiyong Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 401 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123414	journal	January 2021
Manufacturing energy and greenhouse gas emissions associated with plastics consumption Nicholson, Scott R.; Rorrer, Nicholas A.; Carpenter, Alberta C. Joule https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2020.12.027	journal	January 2021
Syntheses and chemical transformations of glycolide and lactide as monomers for biodegradable polymers Botvin, Vladimir; Karaseva, Svetlana; Salikova, Daria Polymer Degradation and Stability, Vol. 183 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109427	journal	January 2021
Empirical analysis of large-scale bio-succinic acid commercialization from a technoeconomic and innovation value chain perspective: BioAmber biorefinery case study in Canada Li, Xue; Mupondwa, Edmund Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 137 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110587	journal	March 2021
Assessing methods for the production of renewable benzene Miller, David; Armstrong, Katy; Styring, Peter Sustainable Production and Consumption, Vol. 32 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2022.04.019	journal	July 2022
Multi-Product Microalgae Biorefineries: From Concept Towards Reality 't Lam, G. P.; Vermuë, M. H.; Eppink, M. H. M. Trends in Biotechnology, Vol. 36, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.10.011	journal	February 2018
Assessment of Plant and Microalgal Oil-Derived Nonisocyanate Polyurethane Products for Potential Commercialization Dong, Tao; Dheressa, Ermias; Wiatrowski, Matthew ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Vol. 9, Issue 38 https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c03653	journal	September 2021
Sustainable Production of Acrylic Acid via 3-Hydroxypropionic Acid from Lignocellulosic Biomass Bhagwat, Sarang S.; Li, Yalin; Cortés-Peña, Yoel R. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Vol. 9, Issue 49 https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c05441	journal	November 2021
Environmental, Economic, and Scalability Considerations of Selected Bio-Derived Blendstocks for Mixing-Controlled Compression Ignition Engines Bartling, Andrew W.; Benavides, Pahola Thathiana; Phillips, Steven D. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Vol. 10, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c00781	journal	May 2022
The Techno-Economic Basis for Coproduct Manufacturing To Enable Hydrocarbon Fuel Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass Biddy, Mary J.; Davis, Ryan; Humbird, David ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b00243	journal	May 2016
Optimization of Microalgae-to-Biodiesel Production Process Using a Metaheuristic Technique Hernández-Pérez, Luis Germán; Sánchez-Tuirán, Eduardo; Ojeda, Karina A. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Vol. 7, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b00274	journal	April 2019
Effect of Different Carbon Sources on the Production of Succinic Acid Using Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli Andersson, C.; Hodge, D.; Berglund, K. A. Biotechnology Progress, Vol. 23, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/bp060301y	journal	April 2007
Value-Added Chemicals from Microalgae: Greener, More Economical, or Both? Gong, Jian; You, Fengqi ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/sc500683w	journal	December 2014
A comprehensive metabolic map for production of bio-based chemicals Lee, Sang Yup; Kim, Hyun Uk; Chae, Tong Un Nature Catalysis, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-018-0212-4	journal	January 2019
Catalytic routes towards acrylic acid, adipic acid and ε-caprolactam starting from biorenewables Beerthuis, Rolf; Rothenberg, Gadi; Shiju, N. Raveendran Green Chemistry, Vol. 17, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4GC02076F	journal	January 2015
Sustainability assessment of succinic acid production technologies from biomass using metabolic engineering Morales, Merten; Ataman, Meriç; Badr, Sara Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 9, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6EE00634E	journal	January 2016
Towards industrial products from microalgae Ruiz, Jesús; Olivieri, Giuseppe; de Vree, Jeroen Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 9, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6EE01493C	journal	January 2016
Development of algae biorefinery concepts for biofuels and bioproducts; a perspective on process-compatible products and their impact on cost-reduction Laurens, Lieve M. L.; Markham, Jennifer; Templeton, David W. Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 10, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7EE01306J	journal	January 2017
Sustainable bio-succinic acid production: superstructure optimization, techno-economic, and lifecycle assessment Dickson, Rofice; Mancini, Enrico; Garg, Nipun Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 14, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/D0EE03545A	journal	January 2021
Interfacial catalysts for sustainable chemistry: advances on atom and energy efficient glycerol conversion to acrylic acid Jin, Xin; Meng, Kexin; Zhang, Guangyu Green Chemistry, Vol. 23, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/D0GC02913K	journal	January 2021
The water footprint of biofuel-based transport Gerbens-Leenes, Winnie; Hoekstra, Arjen Y. Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 4, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1039/c1ee01187a	journal	January 2011
Survival of the fattest Mooij, Peter R.; Stouten, Gerben R.; Tamis, Jelmer Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 6, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ee42912a	journal	January 2013
Toward net-zero sustainable aviation fuel with wet waste–derived volatile fatty acids Huq, Nabila A.; Hafenstine, Glenn R.; Huo, Xiangchen Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 118, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2023008118	journal	March 2021
Catalytic glycerol dehydration-oxidation to acrylic acid Wu, Shu Tao; She, Qi Ming; Tesser, Riccardo Catalysis Reviews, Vol. 62, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1080/01614940.2020.1719611	journal	February 2020
Biodiesel prospective of five diatom strains using growth parameters and fatty acid profiles Joseph, Manju Mary; Renjith, K. R.; John, Gaby Biofuels, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2016.1204585	journal	July 2016
Evaluation of organic fractions of municipal solid waste as renewable feedstock for succinic acid production Stylianou, Eleni; Pateraki, Chrysanthi; Ladakis, Dimitrios Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-020-01708-w	journal	April 2020
Techno-economic assessment for the production of algal fuels and value-added products: opportunities for high-protein microalgae conversion Wiatrowski, Matthew; Klein, Bruno C.; Davis, Ryan W. Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts, Vol. 15, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-021-02098-3	journal	January 2022
Biotechnological production of citric acid Max, Belén; Salgado, José Manuel; Rodríguez, Noelia Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, Vol. 41, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-83822010000400005	journal	January 2010
Enabling Production of Algal Biofuels by Techno-Economic Optimization of Co-Product Suites Kruger, Jacob S.; Wiatrowski, Matthew; Davis, Ryan E. Frontiers in Chemical Engineering, Vol. 3 https://doi.org/10.3389/fceng.2021.803513	journal	January 2022
Bio-aviation Fuel: A Comprehensive Review and Analysis of the Supply Chain Components Doliente, Stephen S.; Narayan, Aravind; Tapia, John Frederick D. Frontiers in Energy Research, Vol. 8 https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2020.00110	journal	July 2020
Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis of Road Transportation Fuels and Vehicles: A Systematic Review and Classification of the Literature Kügemann, Martin; Polatidis, Heracles Energies, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/en13010157	journal	December 2019
Waste Apple Pomace Conversion to Acrylic Acid: Economic and Potential Environmental Impact Assessments Okoro, Oseweuba Valentine; Nie, Lei; Alimoradi, Houman Fermentation, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8010021	journal	January 2022
The Potential Role of Ammonia as Marine Fuel—Based on Energy Systems Modeling and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Hansson, Julia; Brynolf, Selma; Fridell, Erik Sustainability, Vol. 12, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083265	journal	April 2020

Similar Records

Multicriteria-Based Selection of Microalgae Biorefineries: Biomass Composition Defines the Most Suitable Product Portfolios

Conference · Thu Jun 20 00:00:00 EDT 2024 · OSTI ID:2377641

Production of Organic Acids via Autofermentation of Microalgae: A Promising Approach for Sustainable Algal Biorefineries

Journal Article · Tue Jan 07 19:00:00 EST 2020 · Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research · OSTI ID:2222491

Related Subjects

09 BIOMASS FUELS
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
bioproducts
biorefinery
decision-making
microalgae
multicriteria decision analysis

A systematic multicriteria-based approach to support product portfolio selection in microalgae biorefineries

Citation Formats

References (74)

Similar Records

Related Subjects