U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information
The effect of secondary phases on microstructure and irradiation damage in an as-built additively manufactured 316 L stainless steel with a hafnium compositional gradient
Additive manufacturing (AM) or rapid prototyping has become a crucial tool for reducing both cost and time while increasing efficiency in qualifying structural materials for reactor use. In this study, directed energy deposition (DED) was used to develop an as-built 316 L stainless steel sample with three regions of increasing Hf-dopant to study the effects of Hf on the irradiation response of the material. Morphological and microstructural changes were analyzed before and after 2 MeV proton irradiation at 360 °C to a damage of 2.5 dpa at ~ 10 µm below the surface. The addition of Hf effectively suppressed radiation-induced damage (dislocation loops, radiation-induced segregation) due to enhanced point defect recombination. The radiation damage seen in the as-built sample was further compared to a thermo-mechanically treated counterpart of the same fabrication and irradiation parameters which was found to behave superiorly. In conclusion, the increased radiation resistance of this material may be attributed to the as-built microstructure, which includes undissolved Hf particles, delta ferrite grains and cellular sub-grain boundaries that can hinder defect motion.
Hawkins, Laura, et al. "The effect of secondary phases on microstructure and irradiation damage in an as-built additively manufactured 316 L stainless steel with a hafnium compositional gradient." Journal of Nuclear Materials, vol. 587, Sep. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2023.154708
Hawkins, Laura, Yang, Jingfan, Song, Miao, Schwen, Daniel, Zhang, Yongfeng, Shao, Lin, Lou, Xiaoyuan, & He, Lingfeng (2023). The effect of secondary phases on microstructure and irradiation damage in an as-built additively manufactured 316 L stainless steel with a hafnium compositional gradient. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2023.154708
Hawkins, Laura, Yang, Jingfan, Song, Miao, et al., "The effect of secondary phases on microstructure and irradiation damage in an as-built additively manufactured 316 L stainless steel with a hafnium compositional gradient," Journal of Nuclear Materials 587 (2023), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2023.154708
@article{osti_2274954,
author = {Hawkins, Laura and Yang, Jingfan and Song, Miao and Schwen, Daniel and Zhang, Yongfeng and Shao, Lin and Lou, Xiaoyuan and He, Lingfeng},
title = {The effect of secondary phases on microstructure and irradiation damage in an as-built additively manufactured 316 L stainless steel with a hafnium compositional gradient},
annote = {Additive manufacturing (AM) or rapid prototyping has become a crucial tool for reducing both cost and time while increasing efficiency in qualifying structural materials for reactor use. In this study, directed energy deposition (DED) was used to develop an as-built 316 L stainless steel sample with three regions of increasing Hf-dopant to study the effects of Hf on the irradiation response of the material. Morphological and microstructural changes were analyzed before and after 2 MeV proton irradiation at 360 °C to a damage of 2.5 dpa at ~ 10 µm below the surface. The addition of Hf effectively suppressed radiation-induced damage (dislocation loops, radiation-induced segregation) due to enhanced point defect recombination. The radiation damage seen in the as-built sample was further compared to a thermo-mechanically treated counterpart of the same fabrication and irradiation parameters which was found to behave superiorly. In conclusion, the increased radiation resistance of this material may be attributed to the as-built microstructure, which includes undissolved Hf particles, delta ferrite grains and cellular sub-grain boundaries that can hinder defect motion.},
doi = {10.1016/j.jnucmat.2023.154708},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2274954},
journal = {Journal of Nuclear Materials},
issn = {ISSN 0022-3115},
volume = {587},
place = {United States},
publisher = {Elsevier},
year = {2023},
month = {09}}
Ziegler, James F.; Ziegler, M. D.; Biersack, J. P.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Vol. 268, Issue 11-12https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2010.02.091