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Endemic Seroprevalence and Farmer Control Measures of Anthrax Among Ruminate Animals in Pakistan

Journal Article · · Journal of animal and plant sciences
 [1];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [3];  [2];  [2];  [4];  [5];  [5];  [4];  [6];  [7];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [2]
  1. University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (Pakistan); University of Jhang (Pakistan)
  2. University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (Pakistan)
  3. Institute of Public Health, Lahore (Pakistan)
  4. Loyola University, Chicago, IL (United States)
  5. Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
  6. Mutah University, Al-Karak (Jordan)
  7. University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (Pakistan); Veterinary Research Institute, Lahore (Pakistan)
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Anthrax, caused by Bacillus anthracis (B. anthracis), is an important zoonotic disease of livestock that poses a threat to public safety. The present study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Bacillus anthracis in sheep and cattle in endemic areas (Punjab and Balochistan provinces) of Pakistan by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Crosssectional survey was also done to assess the control measures of the farmers. Out of 401 serum samples from sheep and cattle, a total of 68 (16.9%) samples were seropositive for anti-PA antibodies; seroprevalence of B. anthracis in sheep and cattle was 22.11% (48/217) and 10.86% (20/184), respectively. Seroprevalence was significantly higher (p<0.05) in Baluchistan province (33.3%, 44/132) compared to Punjab province (8.92%, 24/269). Most farmers (65.90%, 29/44) were not disposing carcasses as recommended. Around 77.28%, 17/22 of the veterinary officials reported the nonavailability of vaccine against anthrax and 63.63% (14/22) stated the lack of cold chain for the vaccine storage and transportation. We concluded that seroprevalence of B. anthracis in unvaccinated sheep and cattle is evidence that the pathogen is circulating in Baluchistan and Punjab provinces. So must applied an active surveillance and, strengthened veterinary practices vaccination programs to control anthrax outbreaks in endemic areas.

Research Organization:
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE; Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-06CH11357
OSTI ID:
2368765
Journal Information:
Journal of animal and plant sciences, Journal Name: Journal of animal and plant sciences Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 33; ISSN 1018-7081
Publisher:
Pakistan Agricultural Scientists ForumCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Related Subjects

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Bacillus anthracis
Pakistan
endemic
seroprevalence
vaccination