Numerical modelling of impact seismic sources using the stress glut theory

Froment, Marouchka; Lognonné, Philippe; Larmat, Carene; Lei, Zhou; Rougier, Esteban; Kawamura, Taichi

doi:10.1093/gji/ggae144

Numerical modelling of impact seismic sources using the stress glut theory

Journal Article · Thu Apr 18 00:00:00 EDT 2024 · Geophysical Journal International

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggae144· OSTI ID:2349371

; Lognonné, Philippe; Larmat, Carene; Lei, Zhou; ; Kawamura, Taichi

SUMMARY

Meteorite impacts have proved to be a significant source of seismic signal on the Moon, and have now been recorded on Mars by InSight seismometers. Understanding how impacts produce seismic signal is key to the interpretation of this unique data, and to improve their identification in continuous seismic records. Here, we use the seismic Representation Theorem, and particularly the stress glut theory, to model the seismic motion resulting from impact cratering. The source is described by equivalent forces, some resulting from the impactor momentum transfer, and others from the stress glut, which represents the mechanical effect of plasticity and non linear processes in the source region. We condense these equivalent forces into a point-source with a time-varying single force and nine-component moment tensor. This analytical representation bridges the gap between the complex dynamics of crater formation, and the linear point-source representation classically used in seismology. Using the multiphysics modelling software HOSS, we develop a method to compute the stress glut of an impact, and the associated point-source from hypervelocity impact simulations. For a vertical and an oblique impact at 1000 m s−1, we show that the moment tensor presents a significant deviatoric component. Hence, the source is not an ideal isotropic explosion contrary to previous assumptions, and draws closer to a double couple for the oblique impact. The contribution of the point force to the seismic signal appears negligible. We verify this model by comparing two signals: (1) HOSS is coupled to SPECFEM3D to propagate the near-source signal elastically to remote seismic stations; (2) the point-source model derived from the stress-glut theory is used to generate displacements at the same distance. The comparison shows that the point-source model is accurately simulating the low-frequency impact seismic waveform, and its seismic moment is in trend with Lunar and Martian impact data. High-frequencies discrepancies exist, which are partly related to finite-source effects, but might be further explained by the difference in mathematical framework between classical seismology and HOSS’ numerical modelling.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: French National Research Agency (ANR); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001

OSTI ID:: 2349371

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2448398

Report Number(s):: LA-UR--22-30392

Journal Information:: Geophysical Journal International, Journal Name: Geophysical Journal International Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 238; ISSN 0956-540X

Publisher:: Oxford University PressCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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Numerical modelling of impact seismic sources using the stress glut theory

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