Enhancing Substrate–Metal Catalyst Affinity via Hydrogen Bonding: Pd(II)-Catalyzed β-C(sp3)–H Bromination of Free Carboxylic Acids
Journal Article
·
· Journal of the American Chemical Society
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (United States); University of California San Diego
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (United States)
- University of California Los Angeles, CA (United States)
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States)
Achieving sufficient substrate-metal catalyst affinity is a fundamental challenge for developing synthetically useful C–H activation reactions of weakly coordinating native substrates. While hydrogen bonding has been harnessed to bias site selectivity in existing C(sp2)–H activation reactions, the potential for designing catalysts with hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) to enhance catalyst substrate affinity, and thereby facilitate otherwise unreactive C(sp3)–H activation, remains to be demonstrated. Herein, we report the discovery of a ligand scaffold containing a remote amide motif that can form a favorable meta-macrocyclic hydrogen bonding interaction with the aliphatic acid substrate. The utility of this ligand scaffold is demonstrated through the development of an unprecedented C(sp3)–H bromination of α-tertiary and α-quaternary free carboxylic acids, which proceeds in exceedingly high mono-selectivity. Furthermore, the geometric relationship of the NHAc hydrogen bond donor and the coordinating quinoline ligand is crucial for forming the meta-macrocyclophane-like hydrogen bonding interaction, providing a guideline for the future design of catalysts employing secondary interactions.
- Research Organization:
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0009376
- OSTI ID:
- 2339620
- Journal Information:
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Name: Journal of the American Chemical Society Journal Issue: 30 Vol. 145; ISSN 0002-7863
- Publisher:
- American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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