Disruption of Dark Matter Minihalos in the Milky Way Environment: Implications for Axion Miniclusters and Early Matter Domination

Shen, Xuejian; Xiao, Huangyu; Hopkins, Philip F.; Zurek, Kathryn M.

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad12c6

Title: Disruption of Dark Matter Minihalos in the Milky Way Environment: Implications for Axion Miniclusters and Early Matter Domination

Journal Article · Thu Feb 01 00:00:00 EST 2024 · The Astrophysical Journal

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad12c6· OSTI ID:2336775

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California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)

Many theories of dark matter beyond the weakly interacting massive particles paradigm feature an enhanced matter power spectrum on subparsec scales, leading to the formation of dense dark matter minihalos. Future local observations are promising to search for and constrain such substructures. The survival probability of these dense minihalos in the Milky Way environment is crucial for interpreting local observations. In this work, we investigate two environmental effects: stellar disruption and (smooth) tidal disruption. These two mechanisms are studied using semianalytic models and idealized N-body simulations. For stellar disruption, we perform a series of N-body simulations of isolated minihalo–star encounters to test and calibrate analytic models of stellar encounters before applying the model to the realistic Milky Way disk environment. For tidal disruption, we perform N-body simulations to confirm the effectiveness of the analytic treatment. Finally, we propose a framework to combine the hierarchical assembly and infall of minihalos to the Milky Way with the late-time disruption mechanisms. We make predictions for the mass functions of minihalos in the Milky Way. The mass survival fraction (at M_mh ≥ 10^-12M_⊙) of dense dark matter minihalos, e.g., for axion miniclusters and minihalos from early matter domination, is ~60% with the relatively low-mass, compact population surviving. The survival fraction is insensitive to the detailed model parameters. We discuss various implications of the framework and future direct detection prospects.

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Research Organization:: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-07CH11359

OSTI ID:: 2336775

Report Number(s):: FERMILAB-PUB-24-0158-T; arXiv:2207.11276; oai:inspirehep.net:2122432

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 962, Issue 1; ISSN 0004-637X

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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