Light-driven nanoscale vectorial currents
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- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Menlo Systems, Martinsried (Germany)
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States). Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Intellectual Ventures, Bellevue, WA (United States)
Controlled charge flows are fundamental to many areas of science and technology, serving as carriers of energy and information, as probes of material properties and dynamics and as a means of revealing or even inducing broken symmetries. Emerging methods for light-based current control offer particularly promising routes beyond the speed and adaptability limitations of conventional voltage-driven systems. However, optical generation and manipulation of currents at nanometre spatial scales remains a basic challenge and a crucial step towards scalable optoelectronic systems for microelectronics and information science. Here we introduce vectorial optoelectronic metasurfaces in which ultrafast light pulses induce local directional charge flows around symmetry-broken plasmonic nanostructures, with tunable responses and arbitrary patterning down to subdiffractive nanometre scales. Local symmetries and vectorial currents are revealed by polarization-dependent and wavelength-sensitive electrical readout and terahertz (THz) emission, whereas spatially tailored global currents are demonstrated in the direct generation of elusive broadband THz vector beams17. We show that, in graphene, a detailed interplay between electrodynamic, thermodynamic and hydrodynamic degrees of freedom gives rise to rapidly evolving nanoscale driving forces and charge flows under the extremely spatially and temporally localized excitation. These results set the stage for versatile patterning and optical control over nanoscale currents in materials diagnostics, THz spectroscopies, nanomagnetism and ultrafast information processing.
- Research Organization:
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division (MSE)
- Grant/Contract Number:
- 89233218CNA000001; NA0003960
- OSTI ID:
- 2332791
- Report Number(s):
- LA-UR-23-28421
- Journal Information:
- Nature (London), Vol. 626, Issue 8001; ISSN 0028-0836
- Publisher:
- Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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