Cost and Life Cycle Analysis for Deep CO 2 Emissions Reduction for Steel Making: Direct Reduced Iron Technologies

Zang, Guiyan; Sun, Pingping; Elgowainy, Amgad; Bobba, Pallavi; McMillan, Colin; Ma, Ookie; Podkaminer, Kara; Rustagi, Neha; Melaina, Marc; Koleva, Mariya

doi:10.1002/srin.202200297

Cost and Life Cycle Analysis for Deep CO ₂ Emissions Reduction for Steel Making: Direct Reduced Iron Technologies

Journal Article · Wed Apr 26 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Steel Research International

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202200297· OSTI ID:1971545

^[1]; Sun, Pingping ^[1]; Elgowainy, Amgad ^[1]; Bobba, Pallavi ^[1]; McMillan, Colin ^[2]; Ma, Ookie ^[3]; Podkaminer, Kara ^[3]; Rustagi, Neha ^[4]; Melaina, Marc ^[5]; Koleva, Mariya ^[5]

Systems Assessment Center Energy Systems Division Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass Avenue Lemont IL 60439 USA
Strategic Energy Analysis Center Industrial Systems and Fuels Group National Renewable Energy Laboratory 901 D Street SW Suite 930 Washington DC 20024 USA
U.S. Department of Energy Strategic Analysis Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy 1000 Independence Ave SW Washington DC 20585 USA
U.S. Department of Energy Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office 1000 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20585 USA
U.S. Department of Energy Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office 15013 Denver West Parkway Golden CO 80401 USA

Among heavy industrial sectors worldwide, the steel industry ranks first in carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) emissions. Technologies that produce direct reduced iron (DRI) enable the industry to reduce emissions or even approach net‐zero CO ₂ emissions for steel production. Herein, comprehensive cradle‐to‐gate (CTG) life cycle analysis (LCA) and techno‐economic analysis (TEA) are used to evaluate the CO ₂ emissions of three DRI technologies. Compared to the baseline of blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace (BF–BOF) technology for steel making, using natural gas (NG) to produce DRI has the potential to reduce CTG CO ₂ emissions by 33%. When 83% or 100% renewable H ₂ is used for DRI production, DRI technologies can potentially reduce CO ₂ emissions by 57% and 67%, respectively, compared to baseline BF–BOF technology. However, the renewable H ₂ application for DRI increases the levelized cost of steel (LCOS). When renewable natural gas (RNG) and clean electricity are used for steel production, the CTG CO ₂ emissions of all the DRI technologies can potentially be reduced by more than 90% compared to the baseline BF–BOF technology, although the LCOS depends largely on the cost of RNG and clean electricity.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308; AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1971545

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2328083
OSTI ID: 1915245
OSTI ID: 1971546

Journal Information:: Steel Research International, Journal Name: Steel Research International Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 94; ISSN 1611-3683

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

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Cost and Life Cycle Analysis for Deep CO ₂ Emissions Reduction for Steel Making: Direct Reduced Iron Technologies

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Cost and Life Cycle Analysis for Deep CO 2 Emissions Reduction for Steel Making: Direct Reduced Iron Technologies

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Cost and Life Cycle Analysis for Deep CO ₂ Emissions Reduction for Steel Making: Direct Reduced Iron Technologies