Local atomic stacking and symmetry in twisted graphene trilayers

Craig, Isaac M.; Van Winkle, Madeline; Groschner, Catherine; Zhang, Kaidi; Dowlatshahi, Nikita; Zhu, Ziyan; Taniguchi, Takashi; Watanabe, Kenji; Griffin, Sinéad M.; Bediako, D. Kwabena

doi:10.1038/s41563-023-01783-y

Local atomic stacking and symmetry in twisted graphene trilayers

Journal Article · Sun Jan 07 23:00:00 EST 2024 · Nature Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-023-01783-y· OSTI ID:2323399

^[1]; ^[2]; Groschner, Catherine ^[2]; ^[2]; Dowlatshahi, Nikita ^[2]; Zhu, Ziyan ^[3]; ^[4]; ^[4]; ^[5]; ^[6]

University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); SLAC
University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba (Japan)
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Molecular Foundry; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Materials Sciences Division
University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Moiré superlattices formed from twisting trilayers of graphene are an ideal model for studying electronic correlation, and offer several advantages over bilayer analogues, including more robust and tunable superconductivity and a wide range of twist angles associated with flat band formation. Atomic reconstruction, which strongly impacts the electronic structure of twisted graphene structures, has been suggested to play a major role in the relative versatility of superconductivity in trilayers. Here, we exploit an inteferometric 4D-STEM approach to image a wide range of trilayer graphene structures. Here, our results unveil a considerably different model for moiré lattice relaxation in trilayers than that proposed from previous measurements, informing a thorough understanding of how reconstruction modulates the atomic stacking symmetries crucial for establishing superconductivity and other correlated phases in twisted graphene trilayers.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National Science Foundation (NSF); Air Force Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research (ONR); Army Research Office (ARO); W.M. Keck Foundation; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; 3M Foundation; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division (MSE); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 2323399

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2480470

Journal Information:: Nature Materials, Journal Name: Nature Materials Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 23; ISSN 1476-1122

Publisher:: Springer NatureCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (38)

Interferometric 4D‐STEM for Lattice Distortion and Interlayer Spacing Measurements of Bilayer and Trilayer 2D Materials Zachman, Michael J.; Madsen, Jacob; Zhang, Xiang Small, Vol. 17, Issue 28 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202100388	journal	June 2021
Four-Dimensional Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (4D-STEM): From Scanning Nanodiffraction to Ptychography and Beyond Ophus, Colin Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol. 25, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927619000497	journal	May 2019
Correlated insulator behaviour at half-filling in magic-angle graphene superlattices Cao, Yuan; Fatemi, Valla; Demir, Ahmet Nature, Vol. 556, Issue 7699 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature26154	journal	March 2018
Unconventional superconductivity in magic-angle graphene superlattices Cao, Yuan; Fatemi, Valla; Fang, Shiang Nature, Vol. 556, Issue 7699 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature26160	journal	March 2018
Trilayer graphene is a semimetal with a gate-tunable band overlap Craciun, M. F.; Russo, S.; Yamamoto, M. Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 4, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2009.89	journal	April 2009
Observation of an electrically tunable band gap in trilayer graphene Lui, Chun Hung; Li, Zhiqiang; Mak, Kin Fai Nature Physics, Vol. 7, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys2102	journal	September 2011
Stacking-dependent band gap and quantum transport in trilayer graphene Bao, W.; Jing, L.; Velasco, J. Nature Physics, Vol. 7, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys2103	journal	September 2011
Imaging topological and correlated insulating states in twisted monolayer-bilayer graphene Li, Si-yu; Wang, Zhengwen; Xue, Yucheng Nature Communications, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31851-x	journal	July 2022
Rotational and dilational reconstruction in transition metal dichalcogenide moiré bilayers Van Winkle, Madeline; Craig, Isaac M.; Carr, Stephen Nature Communications, Vol. 14, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38504-7	journal	May 2023
Atomic and electronic reconstruction at the van der Waals interface in twisted bilayer graphene Yoo, Hyobin; Engelke, Rebecca; Carr, Stephen Nature Materials, Vol. 18, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-019-0346-z	journal	April 2019
Strain fields in twisted bilayer graphene Kazmierczak, Nathanael P.; Van Winkle, Madeline; Ophus, Colin Nature Materials, Vol. 20, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-00973-w	journal	April 2021
Evidence of a gate-tunable Mott insulator in a trilayer graphene moiré superlattice Chen, Guorui; Jiang, Lili; Wu, Shuang Nature Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-018-0387-2	journal	January 2019
Superconductivity and strong correlations in moiré flat bands Balents, Leon; Dean, Cory R.; Efetov, Dmitri K. Nature Physics, Vol. 16, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-020-0906-9	journal	May 2020
Tunable van Hove singularities and correlated states in twisted monolayer–bilayer graphene Xu, Shuigang; Al Ezzi, Mohammed M.; Balakrishnan, Nilanthy Nature Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-021-01172-9	journal	February 2021
Maximized electron interactions at the magic angle in twisted bilayer graphene Kerelsky, Alexander; McGilly, Leo J.; Kennes, Dante M. Nature, Vol. 572, Issue 7767 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1431-9	journal	July 2019
Tunable correlated Chern insulator and ferromagnetism in a moiré superlattice Chen, Guorui; Sharpe, Aaron L.; Fox, Eli J. Nature, Vol. 579, Issue 7797 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2049-7	journal	March 2020
Tunable strongly coupled superconductivity in magic-angle twisted trilayer graphene Park, Jeong Min; Cao, Yuan; Watanabe, Kenji Nature, Vol. 590, Issue 7845 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03192-0	journal	February 2021
Superconductivity in rhombohedral trilayer graphene Zhou, Haoxin; Xie, Tian; Taniguchi, Takashi Nature, Vol. 598, Issue 7881 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03926-0	journal	September 2021
Half- and quarter-metals in rhombohedral trilayer graphene Zhou, Haoxin; Xie, Tian; Ghazaryan, Areg Nature, Vol. 598, Issue 7881 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03938-w	journal	September 2021
Reproducibility in the fabrication and physics of moiré materials Lau, Chun Ning; Bockrath, Marc W.; Mak, Kin Fai Nature, Vol. 602, Issue 7895 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04173-z	journal	February 2022
Evidence for unconventional superconductivity in twisted trilayer graphene Kim, Hyunjin; Choi, Youngjoon; Lewandowski, Cyprian Nature, Vol. 606, Issue 7914 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04715-z	journal	June 2022
Evidence for Dirac flat band superconductivity enabled by quantum geometry Tian, Haidong; Gao, Xueshi; Zhang, Yuxin Nature, Vol. 614, Issue 7948 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05576-2	journal	February 2023
Superconductivity and strong interactions in a tunable moiré quasicrystal Uri, Aviram; de la Barrera, Sergio C.; Randeria, Mallika T. Nature, Vol. 620, Issue 7975 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06294-z	journal	July 2023
Superconductivity, superfluidity and quantum geometry in twisted multilayer systems Törmä, Päivi; Peotta, Sebastiano; Bernevig, Bogdan A. Nature Reviews Physics, Vol. 4, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-022-00466-y	journal	June 2022
Gate-tunable topological flat bands in twisted monolayer-bilayer graphene Park, Youngju; Chittari, Bheema Lingam; Jung, Jeil Physical Review B, Vol. 102, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.102.035411	journal	July 2020
Gate-induced interlayer asymmetry in ABA-stacked trilayer graphene Koshino, Mikito; McCann, Edward Physical Review B, Vol. 79, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.79.125443	journal	March 2009
Landau level spectrum of ABA - and ABC -stacked trilayer graphene Yuan, Shengjun; Roldán, Rafael; Katsnelson, Mikhail I. Physical Review B, Vol. 84, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.84.125455	journal	September 2011
Electronic properties of twisted trilayer graphene Suárez Morell, E.; Pacheco, M.; Chico, L. Physical Review B, Vol. 87, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.87.125414	journal	March 2013
Band structure of twisted bilayer graphene: Emergent symmetries, commensurate approximants, and Wannier obstructions Zou, Liujun; Po, Hoi Chun; Vishwanath, Ashvin Physical Review B, Vol. 98, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.98.085435	journal	August 2018
Integer Quantum Hall Effect in Trilayer Graphene Kumar, A.; Escoffier, W.; Poumirol, J. M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.126806	journal	September 2011
Flatbands and Perfect Metal in Trilayer Moiré Graphene Mora, Christophe; Regnault, Nicolas; Bernevig, B. Andrei Physical Review Letters, Vol. 123, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.026402	journal	July 2019
All Magic Angles in Twisted Bilayer Graphene are Topological Song, Zhida; Wang, Zhijun; Shi, Wujun Physical Review Letters, Vol. 123, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.036401	journal	July 2019
Twisted Trilayer Graphene: A Precisely Tunable Platform for Correlated Electrons Zhu, Ziyan; Carr, Stephen; Massatt, Daniel Physical Review Letters, Vol. 125, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.116404	journal	September 2020
Correlated Insulating States and Transport Signature of Superconductivity in Twisted Trilayer Graphene Superlattices Zhang, Xi; Tsai, Kan-Ting; Zhu, Ziyan Physical Review Letters, Vol. 127, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.166802	journal	October 2021
Spectroscopic Visualization of Flat Bands in Magic-Angle Twisted Monolayer-Bilayer Graphene: Coexistence of Localization and Delocalization Tong, Ling-Hui; Tong, Qingjun; Yang, Li-Zhen Physical Review Letters, Vol. 128, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.126401	journal	March 2022
Electric field–tunable superconductivity in alternating-twist magic-angle trilayer graphene Hao, Zeyu; Zimmerman, A. M.; Ledwith, Patrick Science, Vol. 371, Issue 6534 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abg0399	journal	February 2021
Orderly disorder in magic-angle twisted trilayer graphene Turkel, Simon; Swann, Joshua; Zhu, Ziyan Science, Vol. 376, Issue 6589 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abk1895	journal	April 2022
Data for Local atomic stacking and symmetry in twisted graphene trilayers Craig, Isaac; Van Winkle, Madeline; Groschner, Catherine Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4459669	dataset	January 2023

Similar Records

Mirror symmetry breaking and lateral stacking shifts in twisted trilayer graphene

Journal Article · Mon Jul 19 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Physical Review. B · OSTI ID:1849403

Orderly disorder in magic-angle twisted trilayer graphene

Journal Article · Fri Apr 08 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Science · OSTI ID:1980734

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
electronic properties and materials
imaging techniques
mechanical and structural properties and devices
two-dimensional materials

Local atomic stacking and symmetry in twisted graphene trilayers

Citation Formats

References (38)

Similar Records

Related Subjects