Universal features of 2 → N scattering in QCD and gravity from shockwave collisions

Raj, Himanshu; Venugopalan, Raju

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.109.044064

Universal features of $2 \to N$ scattering in QCD and gravity from shockwave collisions

Journal Article · Tue Feb 27 00:00:00 EST 2024 · Physical Review. D.

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.109.044064· OSTI ID:2315056

Raj, Himanshu; Venugopalan, Raju

A remarkable double-copy relation of Einstein gravity to QCD in Regge asymptotics is $Γ^{μ ν} = \frac{1}{2} C^{μ} C^{ν} - \frac{1}{2} N^{μ} N^{ν}$ , where $Γ^{μ ν}$ is the gravitational Lipatov vertex in the $2 \to 3$ graviton scattering amplitude, $C^{μ}$ its Yang-Mills counterpart, and $N^{μ}$ the QED bremsstrahlung vertex. In QCD, the Lipatov vertex is a fundamental building block of the BFKL equation describing the $2 \to N$ scattering of gluons at high energies. Likewise, the gravitational Lipatov vertex is a key ingredient in a 2D effective field theory framework describing trans-Planckian $2 \to N$ graviton scattering. We construct a quantitative correspondence between a semiclassical Yang-Mills framework for radiation in gluon shockwave collisions and its counterpart in general relativity. In particular, we demonstrate the Lipatov double copy in a dilute-dilute approximation corresponding to $R_{S, L}$ , $R_{S, H} ≪ b$ , where $R_{S, L}$ , $R_{S, H}$ are the respective emergent Schwarzchild radii generated in shockwave collisions and $b$ is the impact parameter. We outline extensions of the correspondence developed here to the dilute-dense computation of gravitational wave radiation in the close vicinity of one of the black holes, the construction of graviton propagators in the shockwave background, and a renormalization group approach to compute $2 \to N$ amplitudes that incorporates graviton Reggeization and coherent graviton multiple scattering.

Published by the American Physical Society 2024

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Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704

OSTI ID:: 2315056

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2324882

Report Number(s):: BNL--225391-2024-JAAM; 044064

Journal Information:: Physical Review. D., Journal Name: Physical Review. D. Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 109; ISSN PRVDAQ; ISSN 2470-0010

Publisher:: American Physical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Black hole formation in the grazing collision of high-energy particles Yoshino, Hirotaka; Nambu, Yasusada Physical Review D, Vol. 67, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.67.024009	journal	January 2003
Black holes from colliding wavepackets Giddings, Steven B.; Rychkov, Vyacheslav S. Physical Review D, Vol. 70, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.70.104026	journal	November 2004
Random walks of partons in S U ( N c ) and classical representations of color charges in QCD at small x Jeon, Sangyong; Venugopalan, Raju Physical Review D, Vol. 70, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.70.105012	journal	November 2004
Improved analysis of black hole formation in high-energy particle collisions Yoshino, Hirotaka; Rychkov, Vyacheslav S. Physical Review D, Vol. 71, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.71.104028	journal	May 2005
Dense-dilute duality at work: Dipoles of the target Kovner, Alex; Lublinsky, Michael Physical Review D, Vol. 72, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.72.074023	journal	October 2005
Gluon propagation inside a high-energy nucleus Gelis, François; Mehtar-Tani, Yacine Physical Review D, Vol. 73, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.73.034019	journal	February 2006
Effective field theory of gravity for extended objects Goldberger, Walter D.; Rothstein, Ira Z. Physical Review D, Vol. 73, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.73.104029	journal	May 2006
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High energy factorization in nucleus-nucleus collisions. I Gelis, François; Lappi, Tuomas; Venugopalan, Raju Physical Review D, Vol. 78, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.78.054019	journal	September 2008
High energy factorization in nucleus-nucleus collisions. II. Multigluon correlations Gelis, François; Lappi, Tuomas; Venugopalan, Raju Physical Review D, Vol. 78, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.78.054020	journal	September 2008
Entropy production in collisions of gravitational shock waves and of heavy ions Gubser, Steven S.; Pufu, Silviu S.; Yarom, Amos Physical Review D, Vol. 78, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.78.066014	journal	September 2008
New relations for gauge-theory amplitudes Bern, Z.; Carrasco, J. J. M.; Johansson, H. Physical Review D, Vol. 78, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.78.085011	journal	October 2008
BFKL Pomeron, Reggeized gluons, and Bern-Dixon-Smirnov amplitudes Bartels, J.; Lipatov, L. N.; Vera, A. Sabio Physical Review D, Vol. 80, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.80.045002	journal	August 2009
Wilson line approach to gravity in the high energy limit Melville, S.; Naculich, S. G.; Schnitzer, H. J. Physical Review D, Vol. 89, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.89.025009	journal	January 2014
Nambu-Goldstone effective theory of information at quantum criticality Dvali, Gia; Franca, Andre; Gomez, Cesar Physical Review D, Vol. 92, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.92.125002	journal	December 2015
Unified limiting form of graviton radiation at extreme energies Ciafaloni, Marcello; Colferai, Dimitri; Coradeschi, Francesco Physical Review D, Vol. 93, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.93.044052	journal	February 2016
Two-loop renormalization of quantum gravity simplified Bern, Zvi; Chi, Huan-Hang; Dixon, Lance Physical Review D, Vol. 95, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.95.046013	journal	February 2017
Radiation enhancement and temperature in the collapse regime of gravitational scattering Ciafaloni, Marcello; Colferai, Dimitri Physical Review D, Vol. 95, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.95.086003	journal	April 2017
Radiation and the classical double copy for color charges Goldberger, Walter D.; Ridgway, Alexander K. Physical Review D, Vol. 95, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.95.125010	journal	June 2017
Classical gluon and graviton radiation from the bi-adjoint scalar double copy Goldberger, Walter D.; Prabhu, Siddharth G.; Thompson, Jedidiah O. Physical Review D, Vol. 96, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.96.065009	journal	September 2017
Unitarity restoring graviton radiation in the collapse regime of gravitational scattering Ciafaloni, Marcello; Colferai, Dimitri Physical Review D, Vol. 96, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.96.126008	journal	December 2017
High-energy gravitational scattering and the general relativistic two-body problem Damour, Thibault Physical Review D, Vol. 97, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.97.044038	journal	February 2018
Color glass condensate formalism, Balitsky-JIMWLK evolution, and Lipatov’s high energy effective action Hentschinski, Martin Physical Review D, Vol. 97, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.97.114027	journal	June 2018
Effective action of dilaton gravity as the classical double copy of Yang-Mills theory Plefka, Jan; Steinhoff, Jan; Wormsbecher, Wadim Physical Review D, Vol. 99, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.99.024021	journal	January 2019
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Horizon Formation and Far-from-Equilibrium Isotropization in a Supersymmetric Yang-Mills Plasma Chesler, Paul M.; Yaffe, Laurence G. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.211601	journal	May 2009
Perturbative Quantum Gravity as a Double Copy of Gauge Theory Bern, Zvi; Carrasco, John Joseph M.; Johansson, Henrik Physical Review Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.061602	journal	August 2010
Ultrarelativistic Black Hole Formation East, William E.; Pretorius, Frans Physical Review Letters, Vol. 110, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.101101	journal	March 2013
Universality, Maximum Radiation, and Absorption in High-Energy Collisions of Black Holes with Spin Sperhake, Ulrich; Berti, Emanuele; Cardoso, Vitor Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.041101	journal	July 2013
Emerging Hawking-Like Radiation from Gravitational Bremsstrahlung Beyond the Planck Scale Ciafaloni, Marcello; Colferai, Dimitri; Veneziano, Gabriele Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.171301	journal	October 2015
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