Evaluation of phase change thermal storage in a cascade heat pump

Huang, Ransisi; Mahvi, Allison; James, Nelson; Kozubal, Eric; Woods, Jason

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.122654

Evaluation of phase change thermal storage in a cascade heat pump

Journal Article · Thu Jan 25 00:00:00 EST 2024 · Applied Energy

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.122654· OSTI ID:2311885

Huang, Ransisi ^[1]; ^[2]; James, Nelson ^[1]; ^[1]; ^[1]

National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)

Here this study proposes a low-global warming potential cascade heat pump system with integrated phase change material (PCM) for combined space heating and cooling. PCM is embedded in the intermediate heat exchanger that couples an outdoor R290 refrigerant circuit and an indoor CO₂ circuit. We used a clustering method to develop seasonally representative load and ambient temperature profiles for residential buildings in Minneapolis, Minnesota. We simulated the system peak shaving performance on the selected representative days, assuming three different PCM options including ice (0 °C), tetradecane (5.6 °C), and a commercially available PCM, SP9 (10.5 °C). The baseline was the same cascade system without thermal storage. We investigated the effect of both thermal energy storage capacity (kWh_th) and PCM transition temperature on system performance. The results show that higher thermal energy storage capacity shaves more electric energy until it reaches a maximum value set by the load characteristics of the building. SP9, with the highest transition temperature, shaves the most electric energy, while ice shaves the least. Moreover, ice has the highest charging cost, especially in the cooling season when the outdoor circuit has to operate at an evaporating temperature lower than 0 °C to make ice. Our results show that SP9 presents the lowest levelized cost of storage, closely followed by ice. A lower off-peak electricity rate benefits ice more than SP9 or tetradecane because ice has the largest charging cost penalty.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Energy Efficiency Office. Building Technologies Office

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 2311885

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA--5500-86189; MainId:86962; UUID:6f51406a-510d-4a4e-a438-55a7ad2e5bbe; MainAdminId:71927

Journal Information:: Applied Energy, Journal Name: Applied Energy Vol. 359; ISSN 0306-2619

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (32)

Design and Optimization of Lamellar Phase Change Composites for Thermal Energy Storage Tamraparni, Achutha; Hoe, Alison; Deckard, Michael Advanced Engineering Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202001052	journal	November 2020
A general correlation for heat transfer during film condensation inside pipes Shah, M. M. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 22, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(79)90058-9	journal	April 1979
Heat transfer and friction characteristics of plain fin-and-tube heat exchangers, part II: Correlation Wang, Chi-Chuan; Chi, Kuan-Yu; Chang, Chun-Jung International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 43, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0017-9310(99)00333-6	journal	August 2000
Clustering analysis of residential electricity demand profiles Rhodes, Joshua D.; Cole, Wesley J.; Upshaw, Charles R. Applied Energy, Vol. 135 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.08.111	journal	December 2014
Thermal energy storage using phase change materials: Techno-economic evaluation of a cold storage installation in an office building Tan, Pepe; Lindberg, Patrik; Eichler, Kaia Applied Energy, Vol. 276 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115433	journal	October 2020
Design and performance evaluation of a dual-circuit thermal energy storage module for air conditioners Goyal, Anurag; Kozubal, Eric; Woods, Jason Applied Energy, Vol. 292 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116843	journal	June 2021
Experimental demonstration of an air-source heat pump application using an integrated phase change material storage as a desuperheater for domestic hot water generation Emhofer, Johann; Marx, Klemens; Sporr, Andreas Applied Energy, Vol. 305 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117890	journal	January 2022
Experimental investigation on thermal characteristics of transcritical CO2 heat pump unit combined with thermal energy storage for residential heating Wang, Zhihua; Wang, Fenghao; Li, Guichen Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 165 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114505	journal	January 2020
Comparison of approximation-assisted heat exchanger models for steady-state simulation of vapor compression system Huang, Ransisi; Ling, Jiazhen; Aute, Vikrant Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 166 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114691	journal	February 2020
Performance study of phase change charging/discharging processes of condensing heat storage in cold regions based on a mathematical model Yu, Meng; Zhang, Chunwei; Fan, Yubin Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 182 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115805	journal	January 2021
A tripartite graph based methodology for steady-state solution of generalized multi-mode vapor compression systems Huang, Ransisi; Aute, Vikrant; Ling, Jiazhen Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 185 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.116385	journal	February 2021
Techno-economic analysis of air source heat pump combined with latent thermal energy storage applied for space heating in China Yu, Meng; Li, Sheng; Zhang, Xuejun Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 185 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.116434	journal	February 2021
Numerical modeling of latent heat thermal energy storage integrated with heat pump for domestic hot water production Inkeri, E.; Tynjälä, T.; Nikku, M. Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 214 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118819	journal	September 2022
Review on heat pump (HP) coupled with phase change material (PCM) for thermal energy storage Gu, Heng; Chen, Yuanyuan; Yao, Xiaoyan Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 455 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.140701	journal	January 2023
A review of data mining technologies in building energy systems: Load prediction, pattern identification, fault detection and diagnosis Zhao, Yang; Zhang, Chaobo; Zhang, Yiwen Energy and Built Environment, Vol. 1, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2019.11.003	journal	April 2020
Performance of heat pump integrated phase change material thermal storage for electric load shifting in building demand side management Hirmiz, R.; Teamah, H. M.; Lightstone, M. F. Energy and Buildings, Vol. 190 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.02.026	journal	May 2019
Latent heat storage integration into heat pump based heating systems for energy-efficient load shifting Xu, Tianhao; Humire, Emma Nyholm; Chiu, Justin Ningwei Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 236 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114042	journal	May 2021
Reduced-order modeling method for phase-change thermal energy storage heat exchangers Huang, Ransisi; Mahvi, Allison; Odukomaiya, Wale Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 263 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115692	journal	July 2022
Performance investigation on an air source heat pump system with latent heat thermal energy storage Lin, Ying; Fan, Yubin; Yu, Meng Energy, Vol. 239 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.121898	journal	January 2022
Experimental study on the condensing heat recovery performance of air source heat pump Sun, Shuai; Chen, Hua; Liu, Xiuli Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 32 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2020.101808	journal	December 2020
Performance analysis and transient simulation of a vapor compression cooling system integrated with phase change material as thermal energy storage for electric peak load shaving riahi, Alireza; Mosleh, Hassan Jafari; Kavian, Soheil Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 35 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.102316	journal	March 2021
Review on compression heat pump systems with thermal energy storage for heating and cooling of buildings Osterman, Eneja; Stritih, Uroš Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 39 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.102569	journal	July 2021
Universal approach to predicting heat transfer coefficient for condensing mini/micro-channel flow Kim, Sung-Min; Mudawar, Issam International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 56, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.09.032	journal	January 2013
Universal approach to predicting saturated flow boiling heat transfer in mini/micro-channels – Part II. Two-phase heat transfer coefficient Kim, Sung-Min; Mudawar, Issam International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 64 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.04.014	journal	September 2013
Potential energy benefits of integrated refrigeration system with microturbine and absorption chiller Hwang, Yunho International Journal of Refrigeration, Vol. 27, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2004.01.007	journal	December 2004
Experimental investigation of a novel thermal energy storage unit in the heat pump system Koşan, Meltem; Aktaş, Mustafa Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 311 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127607	journal	August 2021
Finned-tube-integrated modular thermal storage systems for HVAC load modulation in buildings Kishore, Ravi Anant; Mahvi, Allison; Singh, Ayushman Cell Reports Physical Science, Vol. 4, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2023.101704	journal	December 2023
Rate capability and Ragone plots for phase change thermal energy storage Woods, Jason; Mahvi, Allison; Goyal, Anurag Nature Energy, Vol. 6, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-021-00778-w	journal	February 2021
Addressing energy storage needs at lower cost via on-site thermal energy storage in buildings Odukomaiya, Adewale; Woods, Jason; James, Nelson Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 14, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EE01992A	journal	January 2021
Temperature clusters in commercial buildings using k-means and time series clustering Wickramasinghe, Ashani; Muthukumarana, Saman; Loewen, Dan Energy Informatics, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s42162-022-00186-8	journal	February 2022
Performance Study of Direct Integration of Phase Change Material into an Innovative Evaporator of a Simple Vapour Compression System Mselle, Boniface Dominick; Vérez, David; Zsembinszki, Gabriel Applied Sciences, Vol. 10, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.3390/app10134649	journal	July 2020
Techno-Economic Analysis of a Heat Pump Cycle Including a Three-Media Refrigerant/Phase Change Material/Water Heat Exchanger in the Hot Superheated Section for Efficient Domestic Hot Water Generation Emhofer, Johann; Marx, Klemens; Barz, Tilman Applied Sciences, Vol. 10, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.3390/app10217873	journal	November 2020

Similar Records

Design of Phase-Change Thermal Storage Device in a Heat Pump for Building Electric Peak Load Shaving: Preprint

Conference · Tue Jul 19 20:00:00 EDT 2022 · OSTI ID:1878122

Integrated Thermal Energy Storage System for Air-Conditioners with Phase-Change Composites

Conference · Fri Aug 13 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · OSTI ID:1860477

An evaluation of thermal energy storage options for precooling gas turbine inlet air

Technical Report · Mon Nov 30 23:00:00 EST 1992 · OSTI ID:10114990

Related Subjects

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION
cascade heat pump
ice
leveled cost of storage
low GWP refrigerants
phase change material
thermal energy storage

Evaluation of phase change thermal storage in a cascade heat pump

Citation Formats

References (32)

Similar Records

Related Subjects