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Predicting EBW detonator failure using DSC data

Journal Article · · Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry

Exploding bridgewire detonators (EBWs) containing pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) exposed to high temperatures may not function following discharge of the design electrical firing signal from a charged capacitor. Knowing functionality of these arbitrarily facing EBWs is crucial when making safety assessments of detonators in accidental fires. Orientation effects are only significant when the PETN is partially melted. Here, the melting temperature can be measured with a differential scanning calorimeter. Nonmelting EBWs will be fully functional provided the detonator never exceeds 406 K (133 °C) for at least 1 h. Conversely, EBWs will not be functional once the average input pellet temperature exceeds 414 K (141 °C) for a least 1 min which is long enough to cause the PETN input pellet to completely melt. Functionality of the EBWs at temperatures between 406 and 414 K will depend on orientation and can be predicted using a stratification model for downward facing detonators but is more complex for arbitrary orientations. A conservative rule of thumb would be to assume that the EBWs are fully functional unless the PETN input pellet has completely melted.

Research Organization:
Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
Grant/Contract Number:
NA0003525
OSTI ID:
2311525
Report Number(s):
SAND--2024-00506J
Journal Information:
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Journal Name: Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry Vol. 149; ISSN 1388-6150
Publisher:
SpringerCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (11)

Electric Detonators: EBW and EFI journal June 1996
Function of a PETN‐Based Exploding Bridgewire Detonator Post Melt journal July 2020
The Role of Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate (PETN) Aging in Determining Detonator Firing Characteristics journal October 2020
A Liquid Stratification Model to Predict Failure in Thermally Damaged EBW Detonators journal August 2022
Transforming polymorphs, melting, and boiling during cookoff of PETN journal March 2022
Operability thresholds for thermally damaged EBW detonators journal April 2022
Response of PETN detonators to elevated temperatures journal January 2021
Chemical Evaluation and Performance Characterization of Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate (PETN) under Melt Conditions journal April 2022
PETN Ignition Experiments and Models journal April 2010
Finding the “lost-time” in detonator function journal March 2019
Experimental observations of exploding bridgewire detonator function journal December 2020

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