The Taste of Waste: The Edge of Eggshell Over Calcium Carbonate in Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber

Journal Article · Fri Nov 15 04:00:00 EST 2019 · Journal of Polymers and the Environment

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/S10924-019-01530-Y· OSTI ID:22959290

Bhagavatheswaran, Eshwaran Subramani; Das, Amit ^[1]; Rastin, Hadi; Saeidi, Hoda; Jafari, Seyed Hassan ^[2]; Vahabi, Henri ^[3]; Najafi, Farhood ^[4]; Formela, Krzysztof ^[5]; Jouyandeh, Maryam; Zarrintaj, Payam

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1. Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (Germany)
2. University of Tehran, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
3. Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec (France)
4. Institute for Color Science and Technology, Department of Resin and Additives (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
5. Gdańsk University of Technology, Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry (Poland)

Rubber technology experiences a new age by the use of biowaste or natural fillers. In this regard, taking properties of reinforcing agents from biowaste fillers remains as the challenging matter. Chicken eggshell (ES) biowaste has recently been introduced to substitute calcium carbonate (CaCO{sub 3}) duo to its superior properties and low price. In this work, composites based on acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) reinforced with ES and CaCO{sub 3} microfillers at various loading levels were prepared and characterized. To improve the interactions between fillers and the NBR matrix, ES and CaCO{sub 3} were surface-functionalized using a terpolymer, namely poly(vinyl 2-pyrrolidone-co-maleic acid-co-acrylic acid). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the modified fillers. The incorporation of the functionalized fillers resulted in a significant rise in the maximum torque according to the rheometric measurements. The Young’s modulus of the ES-based and CaCO{sub 3}-based compounds showed a mild improvement over a wide range of filler contents. The elongation at break of the NBR composites, however, was dependent on the filler content. This work provides exciting opportunities for the design of novel and innovative coupling agents to be used in rubber applications.

• OSTI ID: 22959290
• Journal Information: Journal of Polymers and the Environment, Journal Name: Journal of Polymers and the Environment Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 27; ISSN 1566-2543
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
ACRYLIC ACID
ACRYLONITRILE
BIOLOGICAL WASTES
BUTADIENE
CALCIUM CARBONATES
CHICKENS
ELONGATION
FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROMETERS
INFRARED SPECTRA
MALEIC ACID
PYRROLIDONES
RUBBERS
THERMAL GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS