Effect of Yagi–Uda nano-antenna element shape on the directivity and radiation efficiency

Journal Article · Mon Apr 15 04:00:00 EDT 2019 · Optical and Quantum Electronics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/S11082-019-1774-3· OSTI ID:22950341

Helmy, Fatma E. ^[1]; Hussein, Mohamed; Hameed, Mohamed Farhat. O., ^[2]; Shaker, Ahmed; El-Adawy, M. ^[1]; Obayya, S. S. A., ^[2]

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1. Helwan University, Electronics, Communications, and Computers Department, Faculty of Engineering (Egypt)
2. Zewail City of Science and Technology, Center for Photonics and Smart Materials (Egypt)

In this paper, different optimal designs of Yagi–Uda nano-antennas (NAs) are introduced and analyzed based on different element shapes to maximize the directivity and radiation efficiency. The studied element shapes include triangular, hexagonal, cube, square, rotated square, rectangular, ellipsoid, and elliptical cylinder shapes. The NAs parameters for each design are optimized using particle swarm optimization algorithm to achieve high directivity at a wavelength of 500 nm for wireless point-to-point applications. The designs are numerically analysed using 3-D finite difference time domain method (3-D FDTD) via Lumerical software package. To illustrate the performance of the proposed antennas, different radiation parameters such as radiation pattern, directivity, and radiation efficiency have been studied. Moreover, a tolerance of ± 5% is calculated to consider the imperfections that may appear in the fabrication process at a nanoscale. The optimized rectangular prism NA achieves the highest directivity of 24.21 with an efficiency of 50.74%. However, the optimized triangular prism NA has the highest efficiency of 73% with a directivity of 20.89. This enhancement is mainly attributed to the efficient coupling between array elements along with low side lobe level. However, a trade-off between directivity and radiation efficiency is obtained by the hexagonal prism NA with directivity of 21.9 and radiation efficiency of 69.1%.

• OSTI ID: 22950341
• Journal Information: Optical and Quantum Electronics, Journal Name: Optical and Quantum Electronics Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 51; ISSN OQELDI; ISSN 0306-8919
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
ALGORITHMS
ANTENNAS
COMPUTER CODES
CYLINDERS
DESIGN
EFFICIENCY
FABRICATION
NANOSTRUCTURES
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
OPTIMIZATION
PRISMS
SHAPE