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Phonon-Induced Localization of Excitons in Molecular Crystals from First Principles

Journal Article · · Physical Review Letters
 [1];  [1];  [2];  [3];  [4]
  1. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  2. Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom). Cavendish Lab.
  3. Boston Univ., MA (United States)
  4. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, CA (United States)

The spatial extent of excitons in molecular systems underpins their photophysics and utility for optoelectronic applications. Phonons are reported to lead to both exciton localization and delocalization. However, a microscopic understanding of phonon-induced (de)localization is lacking, in particular, how localized states form, the role of specific vibrations, and the relative importance of quantum and thermal nuclear fluctuations. Here, we present a first-principles study of these phenomena in solid pentacene, a prototypical molecular crystal, capturing the formation of bound excitons, exciton-phonon coupling to all orders, and phonon anharmonicity, using density functional theory, the ab initio GW-Bethe-Salpeter equation approach, finite-difference, and path integral techniques. In this study, we find that for pentacene zero-point nuclear motion causes uniformly strong localization, with thermal motion providing additional localization only for Wannier-Mott-like excitons. Anharmonic effects drive temperature-dependent localization, and, while such effects prevent the emergence of highly delocalized excitons, we explore the conditions under which these might be realized

Research Organization:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division (MSE); National Science Foundation (NSF)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231
OSTI ID:
2293519
Journal Information:
Physical Review Letters, Journal Name: Physical Review Letters Journal Issue: 8 Vol. 130; ISSN 0031-9007
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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