Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects of Vanillin Through the Regulation of Inflammatory Factors and NF-κB Signaling in LPS-Stimulated Microglia
- Chosun University, Department of Life Science, Immunology Research Lab, BK21-plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, College of Natural Sciences (Korea, Republic of)
- Kyung Hee University, Djkunghee Hospital, Department of Preventive and Society Dentistry, School of Dentistry (Korea, Republic of)
Microglia, resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), is responsible for immune responses and homeostasis of the CNS. Microglia plays a complex role in neuroinflammation, which has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Therefore, therapeutic agents that suppress the microglia-mediated inflammatory response could potentially be used in the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Vanillin, a primary component of vanilla bean extract, has anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antitumor properties. However, the effects of vanillin on the anti-neuroinflammatory responses of microglial cells are still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which vanillin induces anti-neuroinflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. We found that vanillin significantly decreased the production of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Vanillin also reduced the protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), as well as the mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. Moreover, vanillin inhibited the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB. Collectively, these results suggest that vanillin has anti-neuroinflammatory properties and may act as a natural therapeutic agent for neuroinflammatory diseases.
- OSTI ID:
- 22927818
- Journal Information:
- Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Journal Name: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 187; ISSN ABIBDL; ISSN 0273-2289
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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